北京市沙尘天气过程对气温的影响  

Influence of dust weather process on air temperature in Beiing City

作　　者：孙彩霞 谢祥珊 王田宇 迪里努尔·牙生 王之屹 王金艳[1] 王星宇 雷雨虹 SUN Cai-xia;XIE Xiang-shan;WANG Tian-yu;YASHENG Dilinuer;WANG Zhi-yi;WANG Jin-yan;WANG Xing-yu;LEI Yu-hong(Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Resource and Environment of Gansu Province,College of Atmospheric Sciences,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学大气科学学院,甘肃省气候资源开发及防灾减灾重点实验室,兰州730000

出　　处：《兰州大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第2期214-221,共8页Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFA06084);甘肃省科技厅科技计划项目(21JR7RA501)。

摘　　要：基于北京市空气质量数据、地面气象数据、ERA5再分析资料和探空数据,以2021年春季两次沙尘天气过程为例,研究沙尘天气过程在白天和夜晚对气温、气温垂直廓线和逆温层的影响,结果表明,沙尘天气导致白天地面明显降温,夜间却增温.5月6日沙尘天气过程白天的降温幅度大于夜间增温幅度.沙尘气溶胶影响太阳辐射过程,使得气温垂直廓线发生明显变化,导致大气稳定度增加.颗粒物质量浓度峰值越大,大气层结越稳定.白天大气层结更稳定,大气低层有较强逆温层出现,对流层低层至对流层内部增温(8.3℃)、对流层顶为降温(-6.2℃).两次沙尘过程都有强逆温层出现.大气低层的强逆温层强度达1.8℃/100m,等温层厚度不超过100m.Based on Beijing City air quality data,surface meteorological data,reanalysis data ERA5 and radiosonde data,the influence of dust weather processes on surface temperature,vertical temperature and atmospheric temperature stratification during day and night were studied,taking two dust weather processes in spring of 2021 as examples.The results showed that,dust weather resulted in a significant drop in surface temperature during the day,but an increase in temperature at night.During the dust weather process on May 6,the temperature drop in the daytime was greater than the temperature increase at night.Dust aerosols affected the radiation process,resulting in significant changes in the vertical temperature profile and an increase in atmospheric stability.The greater the peak of particulate mass concentration,the more stable the atmospheric stratification.During the day,the atmospheric stratification was more stable,and a strong inversion layer appeared in the lower atmosphere.The temperature increased from the lower troposphere to the interior of the troposphere(8.3℃),and the temperature dropped in the tropopause(-6.2 C).A strong inversion layer appeared in both dust processes.The intensity of the strong inversion layer in the lower atmosphere was about 1.8 C/100 m,and the thickness of the isothermal layer less than 100 m.

关 键 词：颗粒物质量浓度 气温距平 沙尘气溶胶直接辐射效应 逆温层 

分 类 号：P445.4[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]