肇庆市农村饮用水次氯酸钠、二氧化氯和漂白粉消毒效果及影响因素分析  

Disinfection effect and influencing factors of sodium hypochlorite,chlorine dioxide and bleaching powder in rural drinking water in Zhaoqing

作　　者：廖雅芬 刘昶[1] 林彩霞[1] LIAO Ya-fen;LIU Chang;LIN Cai-xia(Zhaoqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Zhaoqing,Guangdong 526000,China)

机构地区：[1]肇庆市疾病预防控制中心,广东526000

出　　处：《应用预防医学》2023年第2期67-71,76,共6页Applied Preventive Medicine

基　　金：2021年度肇庆市科技创新指导类项目(2021040314040)。

摘　　要：目的 了解肇庆市农村饮用水次氯酸钠、二氧化氯和漂白粉3种消毒方式的消毒效果,并探讨其影响因素。方法 2016—2020年在全市农村地区抽取218家采取消毒的供水单位,采集出厂水和末梢水,检测消毒剂、微生物指标和浑浊度。结果 共监测经消毒处理的水样2 028份,次氯酸钠、二氧化氯、漂白粉消毒的饮用水菌落总数合格率分别为97.66%、 86.57%和86.94%,总大肠菌群合格率分别为94.16%、 86.14%和60.82%,微生物指标合格率分别为93.82%、83.19%和57.89%。不同消毒方式的水样菌落总数、总大肠菌群及微生物指标合格率差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。结论 肇庆市农村饮用水次氯酸钠消毒的水样微生物指标合格率最高,其次为二氧化氯消毒的水样。次氯酸钠消毒效果受消毒剂余量和卫生许可情况影响,二氧化氯消毒受消毒剂余量、浑浊度、消毒剂设备使用情况影响,漂白粉消毒受消毒剂余量、浑浊度、水样类型影响。配套完善净化消毒设施,规范农村供水净化消毒规程,做好管网维护,加强卫生监督,有助于提升农村供水水质。Objective To understand the disinfection effect of three disinfection methods of sodium hypochlorite,chlorine dioxide and bleaching powder for rural drinking water in Zhaoqing,and to explore the influencing factors.Methods From 2016 to 2020,218 water supply units with disinfection measures were randomly selected in the city's rural areas,and samples of factory water and terminal water were collected,and disinfectants,microbial indicators,and turbidity were detected.Results A total of 2028 disinfected water samples after disinfection treatment were monitored.The qualified rates of total bacterial colonies in drinking water disinfected by sodium hypochlorite,chlorine dioxide,and bleaching powder were 97.66%,86.57%,and 86.94%,respectively.The qualified rates of total coliform bacteria were 94.16%,86.14%,and 60.82%,respectively.The qualified rates of microbial indicators were 93.82%,83.19%,and 57.89%,respectively.There were statistically significant differences in the total number of colonies,total coliforms,and the qualifiedrate of microbial indicators among different disinfection methodss(all P<0.05).ConclusionsTheqqualified rateof microbial indicators of water samples disinfected by sodium hypochlorite in rural drinking water in Zhaoqing city is the highest,followed by chlorine dioxide disinfection.The disinfection effect of sodium hypochlorite is affected by the remaining amount of disinfectant and hygiene permit,the disinfection effect of chlorine dioxide is affected by the remaining amount of disinfectant,turbidity,and the use of disinfectant equipment,and the disinfection effect of bleach powder is affected by the remaining amount of disinfectant,turbidity,and water sample type.Equipped with complete drinking water purification and disinfection facilities,standardize rural water supply purification and disinfection procedures,maintain pipe network,and strengthen the supervision of rural water supply and sanitation will help improve the quality of rural water supply.

关 键 词：饮用水 消毒效果 影响因素 

分 类 号：R123.9[医药卫生—环境卫生学]