岩浆锆石和磷灰石矿物化学及在斑岩矿床领域的应用  

Geochemistry of magmatic zircon and apatite andits applications in porphyry deposits

作　　者：李华伟 杨志明[1,3] LI Huawei;YANG Zhiming(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China;School of Earth and Space Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 10087l,China;School of Civil and Resource Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质科学院地质研究所,北京100037 [2]北京大学地球与空间科学学院,北京100871 [3]北京科技大学土木与资源工程学院,北京100083

出　　处：《地质学报》2023年第4期973-1001,共29页Acta Geologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号41825005,91955207,92155305)资助的成果。

摘　　要：斑岩矿床是全球铜钼的主要来源,其形成与中酸性岩体的浅成侵位有关。斑岩矿床形成的精细过程与斑岩体成矿潜力判别,一直是新世纪以来矿床学研究的重要前沿。作为中酸性岩体中最常见且化学性质较为稳定的副矿物,锆石和磷灰石矿物化学近年来在岩浆作用与斑岩成矿作用研究中得到广泛应用。一方面,这是得益于近年来以LA-ICP-MS为代表的原位分析技术的快速进步及普及,使得精确获取矿物组分信息、特别是微量组分信息成为可能;另一方面,锆石和磷灰石的化学成分中蕴含丰富的成岩成矿信息,包括年龄、温度、氧逸度、含水量、S和Cl含量等,综合这些指标可以揭示岩浆-成矿演化规律及精细过程。为此,本文详细综述了近年来利用锆石和磷灰石约束斑岩矿床形成过程及成矿潜力评价等方面的主要进展,特别是在判断岩石类型、岩石成因、岩浆源区、反演母岩浆成分、区分矿床类型、示踪成矿流体来源、揭示流体交代作用与斑岩矿床蚀变分带、评价矿床剥蚀与保存情况等方面的进展;同时也梳理了研究中存在的主要问题与挑战,在此基础上,对未来锆石和磷灰石在斑岩矿床领域的应用研究提出一些建议。Porphyry deposits are globally the main source of copper and molybdenum,and their formation is related to the epigenetic emplacement of intermediate to felsic porphyry intrusions.The fine ore-forming processes and fertility assessments of porphyry deposits have been an important frontier since the beginning of this century.As the most common and chemically stable accessory minerals in intermediate to felsic rocks,zircon and apatite have been widely used in the study of magmatism and mineralization in recent years.On the one hand,this is due to the rapid progress and popularization of in-situ analysis technology represented by LA-ICP-MS in recent years,which makes it possible to accurately obtain information of mineral trace elements;on the other hand,the chemical composition of zircon and apatite contains rich diagenesis and mineralization information,including age,temperature,oxygen fugacity,water content,S and Cl content,etc.Combining these indicators can reveal the evolution and fine processes of magma-mineralization.This paper reviewed the main progress in the ore-forming processes and fertility assessments of porphyry deposits by zircon and apatite,especially in discriminating rock types,petrogenesis,magma sources,estimating parent magma composition,discriminating ore deposit types,tracing sources of ore-forming fluids,revealing fluid metasomatism and alteration zoning of porphyry deposits,quantifying post-mineralization exhumation and preservation.Furthermore,a summary of problems and challenges in the study is presented.Finally,some suggestions are proposed for the application of zircon and apatite in study of porphyry deposits in the future.

关 键 词：锆石 磷灰石 微量元素 斑岩矿床 氧逸度 

分 类 号：P618.41[天文地球—矿床学] P618.65[天文地球—地质学]