语言门诊就诊儿童特征及家庭因素分析  

Analysis of Children's Characteristics and Family Factors in Language Clinics

作　　者：陈铭雨 黄林娟[1] CHEN Mingyu;HUANG Linjuan(Department of Children's Health,Fuzhou Children's Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University,Fujian Fuzhou 350000,China)

机构地区：[1]福建医科大学附属福州儿童医院儿童保健科,福建福州350000

出　　处：《中国卫生标准管理》2023年第8期15-19,共5页China Health Standard Management

摘　　要：目的了解存在语言问题的患儿的自身特征、家庭类型、养育环境以及父母养育方式等情况,为进一步干预儿童语言问题提供帮助。方法回顾性分析2021年1月—2022年6月因语言问题于福建医科大学附属福州儿童医院儿童保健科语言门诊就诊的188例儿童的临床资料,采用问卷调查及0~6岁儿童神经心理发育量表进行评估,通过数据统计分析存在语言问题儿童的自身特征和家庭因素。结果188例语言门诊就诊儿童中,2~3岁儿童因语言问题就诊的比例较高;男性儿童就诊多于女性儿童;存在语言问题儿童由父母携带患儿来就诊的比例较高;语言门诊就诊儿童中因说话少、说话含糊不清及不开口说话、说话不流畅的儿童较多;家长携患儿就诊主要的目的是以希望改善儿童的语言能力为主,同时也希望确定孩子是不是孤独症谱系障碍。就诊儿童家庭类型主要以三代同堂以及父母子女的核心家庭为主,主要抚养人为父母、祖(外祖)父母居多;有语言问题的儿童每日使用电子产品时间较长;语言问题儿童家长对有语言问题的儿童的管教方式以偶尔打骂、帮助开导及放任自由居多,其中针对儿童不良行为,父母在管教上选择说理及惩罚的方式较多,父母二人对儿童的教养态度一致的较多;语言问题儿童家庭中有2个及2个以上子女所占比例较高。因语言问题就诊的儿童当中存在总发育商落后的儿童比例较高,其中语言能区发育存在落后的比例较高,社交行为及精细运动能区落后其次。结论2~3岁儿童因语言问题就诊的比例较高,儿童的语言发育与其自身特点、家庭类型、养育环境、养育方式、带养人文化水平以及电子产品接触时间等多种因素有关。Objective To provide help for further intervention of children's language problems by understanding their own characteristics,family types,parenting environment and parental rearing methods.Methods The clinical data of 188 children who were treated in the language clinic of the department of children's health Fuzhou Children's Hospital affiliated to Fujian Medical University from January 2021 to June 2022 due to language problems were retrospectively analyzed.The questionnaire survey and neuropsychological development scale for children aged 0-6 were used for evaluation.The data were statistically analyzed for their own characteristics and family factors of children with language problems.Results Among the 188 children in the language clinic,the proportion of children aged 2-3 years old seeking medical treatment due to language problems was high.Male children were more than female children.The proportion of children with language problems brought by their parents to see a doctor was high.Among the children in the language clinic,there were more children who spoke less,spoke vaguely,did not speak and did not speak fluently.The main purpose of parents taking their children to the hospital was to improve their children's language ability,and also to determine whether the child was an autism spectrum disorder.The family types of the children attending the clinic were mainly the core families of three generations living together and their parents and children,and the majority of them were parents and grandparents.Children with language problems used electronic products for a long time every day.The parents of children with language problems had the majority of ways to discipline children with language problems,such as occasionally beating and scolding,helping and enlightening,and letting go of freedom.For children's bad behavior,parents choosed more ways of reasoning and punishment in the discipline,and parents had more consistent attitudes towards children's upbringing.The proportion of children with language problem

关 键 词：语言障碍 语言发育 儿童特征 语言门诊 养育环境 养育方式 

分 类 号：R729[医药卫生—儿科]