水氮耦合效应对玉米产量、干物质积累及氮素吸收分配的影响  

Effects of Water and Nitrogen Coupling on Maize Yield and Dry Matter Accumulation and Nitrogen Uptake and Distribution

作　　者：邹欣 曹国军[1] 耿玉辉[1] 戚昕元 ZOU Xin;CAO Guojun;GENG Yuhui;QI Xinyuan(College of Resources and Environment,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学资源与环境学院,长春130118

出　　处：《吉林农业大学学报》2023年第2期143-154,共12页Journal of Jilin Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0201505,2018YFD0300203,2017YFD0300604)。

摘　　要：研究水氮耦合效应对春玉米产量、干物质积累及氮素吸收分配的影响,为水分和氮肥的合理利用提供理论依据。试验采用裂区设计,设灌溉定额为低量W1(50 mm)、中量W2(150 mm)、高量W3(250 mm),设氮肥为不施加N0(0 kg/hm^(2))、中量施加N1(180 kg/hm^(2))、高量施加N2(240 kg/hm^(2))。结果表明:2018年和2019年中量灌溉定额和中量施氮组合(W2N1)产量分别为12261.67 kg/hm^(2)和14805.12 kg/hm^(2),与高量灌溉定额和中量施氮组合(W3N1)产量(分别为12702.97 kg/hm^(2)和15259.82 kg/hm^(2))差异不显著;2018年和2019年高量灌溉定额和中量施氮组合(W3N1)在完熟期干物质积累量达到最高,分别为每株338.26 g和353.37 g,其氮素积累量分别为258.18 kg/hm^(2)和256.46 kg/hm^(2)。氮肥利用率、氮肥偏生产力和氮肥农学效率随着施氮量的增加而减少,随着灌溉定额的增加而增加,但氮肥农学效率则随着灌溉定额的增加而减少。从节水角度,以中量灌溉定额与中量施氮组合处理为最优组合。The effects of water and nitrogen coupling on spring maize yield and dry matter accumulation and nitrogen absorption and distribution were studied to provide a theoretical basis for the rational use of water and nitrogen fertilizer.The test adopted split zone design,and set irrigation quotas at W1(50 mm),W2(150 mm)and W3(250 mm)levels,and nitrogen fertilizer at the levels of N0(without nitrogen fertilizer),N1(180 kg/hm^(2))and N2(240 kg/hm^(2)).The results show that the output of medium irrigation quota(W2)and medium nitrogen(N1)application reached 12261.67 kg/hm^(2)and 14805.12 kg/hm^(2)in 2018 and 2019,respectively.There is no significant difference in yield between the combination of high irrigation quota and medium nitrogen application.In 2018 and 2019,at the maturity stage,dry matter accumulation reached the highest,being 338.26 g per plant and 353.37 g per plant,respectively,and nitrogen accumulation reached 258.18 kg/hm^(2)and 256.46 kg/hm^(2),respectively.Nitrogen use efficiency,nitrogen partial productivity and nitrogen agronomic efficiency decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate,and increased with the increase of irrigation quota.However,agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer decreased with the increase of irrigation quota.From the perspective of water saving,the combination of medium irrigation quota and nitrogen application was the optimal combination.

关 键 词：玉米 水氮耦合效应 产量 氮素积累量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S143.1