荨麻多糖的结构、药理作用、提取和测定方法研究进展  

Advances of Polysaccharides from Urtica L.in Terms of Structure,Pharmacological Effect and Methods of Extraction and Determination

作　　者：关枫[1,2] 刘天博 任欠欠 王爽 王艳宏[1,2] GUAN Feng;LIU Tianbo;REN Qianqian;WANG Shuang;WANG Yanhong(Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine,Harbin,150040,China;Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao,Ministry of Education,Harbin 150040,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江中医药大学,黑龙江哈尔滨150040 [2]教育部北药基础与应用研究重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《中医药信息》2023年第5期84-89,共6页Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine

基　　金：黑龙江省“头雁”团队支持项目(黑龙江省头雁行动领导小组文件[2019]5号)。

摘　　要：荨麻在我国拥有非常丰富的植物资源,药用历史悠久,含有多糖、黄酮、香豆素、木脂素、甾体、萜类、挥发油、维生素等多种化学成分。其中,荨麻多糖因其明确的药理作用而日益受到关注。从近20年荨麻属药用植物中多糖研究的相关文献分析发现,目前主要采用热水提取法进行多糖荨麻的提取,结合水提醇沉、活性炭脱色及多种色谱技术进行纯化,确定了麻叶荨麻等四种荨麻的单糖组成及糖链结构,并发现荨麻多糖在免疫调节、抗炎、抗前列腺增生、抗疲劳等方面表现出显著活性。提示荨麻属植物中的多糖组分具有良好的开发价值,荨麻多糖的深入研究和荨麻属药用植物相关新制剂的进一步研发具有重要的意义。Medicinal plants of Urtica L.are used as traditional Chinese medicines with a long history.Urtica L.has very rich plant resources in China and contains a variety of active ingredients,including polysaccharides,flavonoids,coumarins,lignans,steroids,terpenes,volatile oils,vitamins and other chemical components.Among them,polysaccharides have attracted increasing attention due to their definite pharmacological effects.Based on the analysis of the relevant literature on the research of polysaccharides in the medicinal plants of Urtica L.in the past 20 years,it is found that the hot water extraction method is mainly used for the extraction and water extraction and alcohol precipitation,activated carbon decolorization and a variety of chromatographic techniques were used for purification.The monosaccharide composition and sugar chain structure of four kinds of Urtica L.were determined.At the same time,it is found that Urtica polysaccharides show significant activities in immune regulation,anti-inflammation,anti-prostatic hyperplasia,anti-fatigue and other aspects.It shows that the polysaccharides from Urtica L.have a good development value,and the in-depth study of Urtica polysaccharides and the further research and development of new preparations related to medicinal plants of Urtica L.are of great significance.

关 键 词：荨麻属 多糖 提取工艺 单糖组成 糖链结构 药理活性 

分 类 号：R284[医药卫生—中药学] R285[医药卫生—中医学]