“十三五”期间滇池外海底泥重金属污染特征分析及生态风险评价  

Pollution Characteristics and Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Sediments of Dianchi Outer Lake During the‘13th Five-Year Plan Period’

作　　者：张国涵 解倩 闫琨 李振宇 苏涛 杨耀雷 ZHANG Guohan;XIE Qian;YAN Kun;LI Zhenyu;SU Tao;YANG Yaolei(The Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Station of DEEY in Kunming,Kunming 650228;Shandong Rizhao Ecological Environmental Monitoring Center,Rizhao,Shandong 276800)

机构地区：[1]云南省生态环境厅驻昆明市生态环境监测站,昆明650228 [2]山东省日照生态环境监测中心,山东日照276800

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2023年第3期240-247,共8页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家水质监测网例行监测任务。

摘　　要：基于“十三五”期间(2016—2020年)滇池外海晖湾中、罗家营、观音山东、观音山中、观音山西、白鱼口、海口西和滇池南等8个采样点位底泥中7种重金属监测值,利用地质累计指数法及潜在生态危害指数法等评价方法,对重金属进行污染特征分析及生态风险评价。结果表明,As、Hg、Cr、Pb、Cd、Cu和Zn平均含量对比云南省土壤背景值分别超标0.46,4.70,0.47,0.73,3.47,1.17,1.13倍,且时空分布存在差异性。时间变化上,As、Cd、Cu、Zn含量总体呈下降趋势。空间分布上,As、Hg、Cr和Pb含量高值集中在滇池外海南部水域,Cd和Cu在东部水域较高,Zn含量则呈现北高南低的趋势。地质累计指数法和潜在生态危害指数法评价表明,8个点位中滇池南、晖湾中和观音山西重金属污染程度较高,潜在生态风险也较高,引起污染累积以及潜在生态风险的指标主要为Hg、Cd和Cu。重金属来源分析结果显示,As、Hg、Cr、Pb具有相似的污染来源,初步推断为工业污染源;Cu和Cd主要来自农业污染源。Based on the monitoring values of seven heavy metals in the sediment of 8 State-controlled Sampling Sites in Huiwanzhong,Luojiaying,Guanyinshandong,Guanyinshanzhong,Guanyinshanxi,Baiyukou,Haikouxi and Dianchinan of Dianchi outer Lake during the‘13th Five-Year Plan period’(2016—2020),the pollution characteristics and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals were carried out by using the methods of geoaccumulation index and potential ecological risk index,with Origin,ArcGIS,SPSS and other software.The results showed that the average contents of As,Hg,Cr,Pb,Cd,Cu and Zn exceeded the soil background values of Yunnan Province by 0.46,4.70,0.47,0.73,3.47,1.17 and 1.13 times respectively,and the spatial and temporal distribution was different.In terms of time variation,the contents of As,Cd,Cu and Zn showed a general downward trend,among which As decreased significantly and showed a linear decreasing trend.In spatial distribution,the high contents of As,Hg,Cr and Pb were concentrated in the southern part of Dianchi outer Lake.Cd and Cu were higher in the eastern waters,while Zn showed a trend of higher in the north and south.The results of geo-accumulation index method and potential ecological risk index method showed that the heavy metal pollution degree and potential ecological risk were high in Dianchinan,Huiwanzhong and Guanyinshanxi of 8 sites,Hg,Cd and Cu were the main indicators of pollution accumulation and potential ecological risk.The results of heavy metal source analysis showed that As,Hg,Cr and Pb were similar pollution sources,preliminary inference as industrial pollution source;Cu and Cd were mainly from agricultural pollution sources.

关 键 词：滇池外海底泥 重金属 污染特征 生态风险评价 

分 类 号：X824[环境科学与工程—环境工程]