不同灌水技术下水氮耦合对山地苹果产量和品质及水氮利用的影响  

Effects of Water-nitrogen Coupling Under Different Irrigation Techniques on Yield and Quality of Mountain Apples and Water and Fertilizer Utilization

作　　者：杨震[1,2] 费良军[1,2] 李哲 彭有亮 郝琨 刘腾 YANG Zhen;FEI Liangjun;LI Zhe;PENG Youliang;HAO Kun;LIU Teng(State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Aegion,Xi’an University of Technology,Xi’an 710048;Institute of Water Resources and Hydroelectric Engineering,Xi’an University of Technology,Xi’an 710048;Shaoyang Water Conservancy and Hydropower Survey and Design Institute,Shaoyang,Hunan 422099;Yulin Rural Revitalization Planning and Development Guidance Center,Yulin,Shaanxi 719000)

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学省部共建西北旱区生态水利国家重点实验室,西安710048 [2]西安理工大学水利水电学院,西安710048 [3]邵阳市水利水电勘测设计院,湖南邵阳422099 [4]榆林市乡村振兴规划发展指导中心,陕西榆林719000

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2023年第3期267-272,共6页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52079105,51779205)。

摘　　要：为探究不同灌水技术下水氮耦合对山地苹果产量、品质及水氮利用的影响,采用三因素三水平正交试验,共设3种灌水技术(涌泉根灌(S)、陶瓷渗灌(P)和地表滴灌(D))、3个灌水量(高水(H_(1))、中水(H_(2))和低水(H_(3)))、3个施氮量(高氮(N_(1))、中氮(N_(2))和低氮(N_(3))),共9处理,每个处理重复3次。分析山地苹果产量及水氮利用效率对不同灌水技术下水氮调控的响应规律。结果表明:灌水技术对单果重、维生素C和果实色泽有显著影响(p<0.05),灌水量和施氮量对苹果的产量、单果重、硬度、色泽、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、可溶性糖、维生素C、糖酸比、氮肥偏生产力和灌溉水利用效率影响显著(p<0.05)。T_(2)处理(SH_(2)N_(2))山地苹果产量(30490.02 kg/hm^(2))最大,T_(5)处理(PH_(2)N_(3))氮肥偏生产力(104.66 kg/kg)最大,T_(9)处理(DH_(3)N_(2))灌溉水分利用效率(70.81 kg/m^(3))最高。主成分分析表明,不同灌水技术下水氮耦合的最优模式为涌泉根灌、中等灌水量(65%~80%θ_(f))、中等施氮量(400 kg/hm^(2))组合(T_(2))。研究结果可为陕北山地苹果的水氮管理提供科学的理论依据及技术支撑。In order to explore the effects of water and nitrogen coupling on the yield,quality and water and nitrogen utilization of mountain apples under different irrigation technologies,a three-factor three-level orthogonal experiment was used with a total of 9 treatments,and each treatment was repeated 3 times.The three irrigation technologies were surge-root irrigation(S),ceramic infiltration irrigation(P)and surface drip irrigation(D),the three irrigation volumes were high water(H_(1)),medium water(H_(2))and low water(H_(3)),and the three nitrogen application rates were high nitrogen(N_(1)),medium nitrogen(N_(2))and low nitrogen(N_(3)).The response of mountain apple yield and water nitrogen use efficiency to water nitrogen regulation under different irrigation technologies was analyzed.The results showed that irrigation technology had a significant effect on fruit weight,vitamin C and fruit color(p<0.05),and irrigation water volume and nitrogen application rate had significant effects on apple yield,fruit weight,fruit hardness,color,soluble solids,titratable acid,soluble sugar,vitamin C,sugar-acid ratio,nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity and irrigation water use efficiency(p<0.05).Mountain apples treated with T_(2)(SH_(2)N_(2))had the highest yield(30490.02 kg/hm^(2)),T_(5) treatment(PH_(2)N_(3))had the highest nitrogen fertilizer productivity(104.66 kg/kg),and T_(9) treatment(DH_(3)N_(2))had the highest irrigation water use efficiency(70.81 kg/m^(3)).The principal component analysis method showed that the optimal mode of water nitrogen coupling under different irrigation technologies was the combination of surge-root irrigation,medium irrigation volume(65%~80%θ_(f)),and medium nitrogen application rate(400 kg/hm^(2))(T_(2)).The results of this study can provide scientific theoretical basis and technical support for the water and nitrogen management of apples in mountainous areas of northern Shaanxi.

关 键 词：山地苹果 水氮耦合 施肥 产量 正交试验 综合评价 

分 类 号：S275.4[农业科学—农业水土工程]