配施增效助剂对四川旱地小麦的减氮效应研究  

Research on Nitrogen Reducing Effect of Synergist on Dryland Wheat in Sichuan Province

作　　者：李俊积 马海艳 马宏亮[1] 雷芳 邹乔生 祝婷婷 杨洪坤 黄秀兰 樊高琼[1] LI Junji;MA Haiyan;MA Hongliang;LEI Fang;ZOU Qiaosheng;ZHU Tingting;YANG Hongkun;HUANG Xiulan;FAN Gaoqiong(Agricultural College of Sichuan Agricultural University,Southwest Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology,Ecology and Cultivation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas,Chengdu 611130)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学农学院农业农村部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,成都611130

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2023年第3期312-318,共7页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：四川省“十四五”重大科技专项(2022ZDZX0014);四川省“十四五”重点研发项目(2021YFYZ0002)。

摘　　要：为探究增效助剂对四川旱地小麦的减氮效应,设置空白对照(CK0)、常规施氮不追肥(CK1,施氮量187.5 kg/hm2)、常规施氮量下底追比6∶4(CK2,施氮量187.5 kg/hm2)、增效助剂拌常规复合肥,减氮20%(jf—20%),减氮30%(jf—30%)、增效助剂螯合脲甲醛减氮20%(jn—20%),减氮30%(jn—30%),减氮40%(jn—40%)、增效助剂螯合脲甲醛肥+卵磷脂有机肥3000 kg/hm2减氮27%(jny—27%)等9个处理,分析测定不同处理下土壤氮素动态、小麦叶绿素含量、叶面积指数动态,生长速率、氮素积累与转运、产量及其构成、氮肥利用率等。结果表明:增效助剂处理后显著降低开花期和成熟期土壤中硝态氮与铵态氮含量,较CK1开花期降幅分别为6.8%~9.8%和8.7%~14.5%,成熟期降幅分别为14.9%~20.8%和15.9%~20.0%。花后30天叶面积指数以jn—20%与jny—27%最高,分别较CK1、CK2提高5.3%和5.8%,jn—20%与jny—27%处理下,叶面积指数较CK1提高5.83%和5.24%;jf、jn、jny模式花后氮素积累量较CK1、CK2显著增加,幅度分别为33.7%~73.1%和29.8%~68.0%,花后氮素转运量提升幅度分别为116.1%~217.8%和107.1%~204.0%。jf、jn、jny模式小麦开花—成熟期生长速率较CK1提高13.2%~33.8%。配施增效助剂后减氮不减产,jf—20%、jn—20%、jny—27%增产幅度为0.2%~2.9%,以jn—20%和jny—27%处理产量最高,较CK1分别增产2.6%和2.9%,但与CK1和CK2差异不显著。jn、jf、jny模式显著提高氮肥利用率与氮肥偏生产力,较CK1分别增加6.7%~24.0%和10.3%~25.8%。增效助剂通过促进养分吸收减少土壤中氮素残留来提高肥料利用率,实现减氮不减产,施用增效助剂拌肥、增效助剂螯合脲甲醛可以实现减氮20%,增效助剂螯合脲甲醛配合卵磷脂有机肥3000 kg/hm2可实现减氮27%。In order to explore the nitrogen reducing effect of synergists on dryland wheat in Sichuan,the following 9 treatments were set up in this study:blank control(CK0);Conventional nitrogen application without topdressing(CK1,nitrogen application amount 187.5 kg/hm^(2));The ratio of basal dressing to topdressing under conventional nitrogen application rate is 6∶4(CK2,nitrogen application rate is 187.5 kg/hm^(2));Synergistic auxiliary mixed with conventional compound fertilizer,reducing nitrogen by 20%(jf—20%)and 30%(jf—30%);Synergistic auxiliary chelating urea formaldehyde reduces nitrogen by 20%(jn—20%),30%(jn—30%)and 40%(jn—40%);Synergistic auxiliary chelated urea formaldehyde fertilizer+lecithin organic fertilizer 3000 kg/hm 2 reduced nitrogen by 27%(jny—27%);The dynamics of soil nitrogen,wheat chlorophyll content,leaf area index,growth rate,nitrogen accumulation and transport,yield and its composition,and nitrogen utilization efficiency were analyzed and measured under different treatments.The results showed that each treatment of jf,jn and jny model significantly reduced the content of ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in soil at flowering and mature stages,which were 6.8%~9.8% and 8.7%~14.5% lower than that of CK1 at flowering stage,and 14.9%~20.8% and 15.9%~20.0% lower at mature stage,respectively.At 30 days after anthesis,the leaf area index of jn—20%and jny—27% was the highest,5.3% and 5.8% higher than that of CK1 and CK2,respectively.The leaf area index of jn—20% and jny—27% was 5.83% and 5.24% higher than that of CK1;Each treatment of jf,jn and jny mode significantly increased the post anthesis nitrogen accumulation compared with CK1 and CK2,with the amplitude of 33.7%~73.1% and 29.8%~68.0% respectively,and the post anthesis nitrogen transport increased by 116.1%~217.8% and 107.1%~204.0% respectively.The growth rate of each treatment of jf,jn and jny in flowering maturity stage was higher than that of CK1,and the range was 13.2%~33.8%.Moreover,wheat yield will not decrease after ni

关 键 词：冬小麦 增效助剂 产量 氮肥利用率 氮素运转 铵态氮 硝态氮 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]