世界栽培榛发展现状及在我国的引种利用  

Cultivation Status of European Hazelnuts and Their Introducing Utilization in China

作　　者：马庆华 杨振[1,2,3,4] 姜磊 王贵禧[1,2,3,4] 李飞[6] 赵天田 梁丽松[1,2,3,4] MA Qing-hua;YANG Zhen;JIANG Lei;WANG Gui-xi;LI Fei;ZHAO Tian-tian;LIANG Li-song(State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding,Beijing 100091;Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration/Research Institute of Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091;Hazelnut Engineering and Technical Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration,Beijing 100091;National Forestry and Grassland Innovation Alliance on Hazelnut,Beijing 100091;Langfang Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Hebei Langfang 065000;Zhongzhen(Beijing)Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology Co.Ltd.,Beijing 102211)

机构地区：[1]林木遗传育种国家重点实验室,北京100091 [2]国家林业和草原局林木培育重点实验室/中国林业科学研究院林业研究所,北京100091 [3]国家林业草原榛子工程技术研究中心,北京100091 [4]榛子产业国家创新联盟,北京100091 [5]廊坊市农林科学院,河北廊坊065000 [6]中榛(北京)农林科技有限公司,北京102211

出　　处：《植物遗传资源学报》2023年第3期599-614,共16页Journal of Plant Genetic Resources

基　　金：国家重点研发项目(2022YFD2200405,2022YFD1600404);科技基础资源调查专项(2019FY100801-03);河北省重点研发计划项目(21326804D);院企合作横向课题(20210906)。

摘　　要：榛子是重要的坚果和木本油料树种,营养价值很高。榛属植物属于壳斗目桦木科植物,世界上公认的榛属植物共有13个种,其中欧洲榛是最具经济价值的栽培种,主要在欧洲各国和美国的西部地区栽培。欧洲榛育种最早开始于20世纪初,现代育种开始于1960年左右。经过几十年的品种选育,欧洲榛中推出了很多具有优良性状的品种,如具有高度抗逆性的仁用或带壳品种、专用授粉品种和观赏品种等。中国第一代榛子杂交育种始于20世纪80年代,在数十个候选单株中先后推出15个优良品种,自2000年后陆续在我国20余个省区引种栽培,目前栽培面积11.2万hm2;第二代榛子杂交育种自2006年开始,育种的目标是在改良现有品种坚果性状的基础上培育高抗寒性、抗抽条性、抗旱性和耐热性品种,以及专用授粉品种。目前世界榛树育种仍主要通过杂交手段实现,对欧洲榛特异资源的引进和高效利用是加快我国榛树育种的有效途径。本文综述了世界欧洲榛栽培现状,欧洲榛的主要性状及其遗传力,欧洲榛品种选育的主要目标性状及其评价标准,以及美国、意大利、西班牙和土耳其推出的主要栽培品种及其主要性状,向国内学者更为全面、系统地介绍欧洲榛这一重要坚果树种;同时,总结了欧洲榛在我国的引种历史、科学研究、各单位资源收集和杂交利用现状;分析了欧洲榛在我国引种和杂交利用中存在的问题,并从引种工作的持续性、资源保护、杂交利用、人员交流和拓展经费来源等方面,提出了欧洲榛资源利用的发展建议;最后,对我国榛子科研和产业发展进行了展望,以期为我国榛树品种选育和栽培推广提供一定参考。Hazelnut(Corylus)is one of the important nut crops and woody oil species with highly nutritional values.The genus Corylus is a member of the birch family(Betulaceae)in the order Fagales,and includes 13 species identified to date around the world. The European hazelnut (C. avellana L.) is the species with commercial cultivation in the European countries and the west states of the United States. The earliest European hazelnut breeding appeared in the 1900s and the major modern breeding programs started in the United States in 1960's. After several decades of variety selection, many varieties were released with excellent characteristics,such as the varieties with highly stress resistance for the in-shell and the kernel markets, pollination varieties and ornamental varieties. In China, the first generation of hazelnut hybrid breeding performed in 1980's, a total of 15cultivars have been released and widely cultivated in twenty-odd provinces of China from dozens of candidate seedlings since 2000. The planting area is about 112,000 hm2 in China at present. The new generation hybrid breeding has been ongoing since 2006. New breeding projects and regional trials are mainly aiming to select cultivars with cold hardiness, branch shriveling resistance, drought resistance, heat resistance, and pollination varieties. Up to now, cross breeding is still a main method in hazelnut breeding. Therefore, to continuously introduce and efficiently utilize the special germplasm resources of European hazelnuts is an effective way to speed up the breeding work of hazelnut in China. Based on a large number of domestic and foreign literatures,the cultivation status of European hazelnuts, the traits of C. avellana L. and their narrow-sense heritabilities,main targeted traits of European hazelnut varieties for kernel market and their evaluating standard, as well as the main characteristics of new advanced varieties released in the United States, Italy, Spain and Turkey were listed in the review. Thus, the precious nut trees, European hazelnu

关 键 词：欧洲榛 种质资源 栽培现状 品种选育 引种利用 

分 类 号：S664.4[农业科学—果树学]