云南水稻种质资源的遗传多样性分析  

The Genetic Diversity Analysis of Rice Germplasm Resources in Yunnan Province of China

作　　者：邓伟[1,2,3] 吕莹 董阳均 徐雨然 杨华涛[5] 张锦文 张建华 奎丽梅[1,2,3] 涂建 相罕章[6] 管俊娇 董维[1,2,3] 谷安宇 安华[1,2,3] 杨丽萍 张笑 李小林[1,2,3] DENG Wei;LYU Ying;DONG Yang-jun;XU Yu-ran;YANG Hua-tao;Zhang Jin-wen;ZHANG Jian-hua;KUI Li-mei;TU Jian;XIANG Han-zhang;GUAN Jun-jiao;DONG Wei;GU An-yu;AN Hua;YANG Li-ping;ZHANG Xiao;LI Xiao-lin(Institute of Grain Crops,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650205;Yunnan Research Center of Major Crop Seed Processing Engineering Technology,Kunming 650205;Yunnan Key Laboratory of Rice Genetic Improvement,Kunming 650205;Seed Management Station of Shuifu,Yunnan Shuifu 657800;Mengma Town Agricultural Comprehensive Service Center,Yunnan Menglian 665801;Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Menglian County,Yunnan Menglian 665899)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所,昆明650205 [2]云南省主要农作物种子加工工程技术研究中心,昆明650205 [3]云南省稻作遗传改良重点实验室,昆明650205 [4]水富县种子管理站,云南水富657800 [5]孟连县勐马镇农业综合服务中心,云南孟连665801 [6]孟连县农业技术推广中心,云南孟连665899

出　　处：《植物遗传资源学报》2023年第3期624-635,共12页Journal of Plant Genetic Resources

基　　金：云南省重大科技专项计划(202102AE090016);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-01-102);云南省科技创新平台建设计划(2015DH012);粮食安全种业支撑专项(530000210000000013809);云南省科技人才与平台计划(202105AE160009)。

摘　　要：利用基因芯片GSR40K评估了135份来自云南不同海拔地区水稻种质资源的遗传多样性和群体结构。结果显示云南不同海拔地区水稻种质资源具有较丰富的遗传多样性,利用SNP标记进行籼粳特性分型,将种质资源分为籼稻类型、偏籼类型、中间类型、粳稻类型和偏粳类型;利用单倍型标记和功能标记鉴定了与育种相关的82个基因,结果表明135份材料都含有非落粒性相关的基因,接近70%的水稻品种含有稻瘟病抗性基因,含有抗虫基因及香味基因的品种数量较少;利用聚类和主成分分析将135份材料分成7个亚群,通过遗传分化指数GST值评估每一个标记位点在7个亚群之间的分化程度,结果表明7个亚群间存在高度的遗传分化,且135份水稻品种基因组区域上至少有0.09%的区域是完全不一样的,而有0.08%的区域是频繁交流和固定的,因此不同亚群间的基因交流频率极低。利用亚群间海拔高度的差异,分析群体间的差异基因组区域,推测可能是与海拔适应性相关。本研究结果为云南地方水稻资源的有效保护和高效利用提供科学依据。The genetic diversity analysis of 135 rice germplasm resources collected from different altitudes in Yunnan province,P.R.China,were genotyped by using the gene chip GSR40K.The rice germplasm resources at different altitudes were found with rich genetic diversity,and they were divided into five subgroups:indica,partial indica,intermediate,japonica and partial japonica.Eighty-two genes with expected breeding value were genotyped by haplotype markers and functional markers.All accessions were found with the genes related to the grain shattering.Nearly 70%of rice varieties were detected with rice blast resistant genes,whereas only a small proportion of accessions containing insect resistance and fragrance genes were identified.The accessions in this collection were divided into seven subgroups by cluster analysis and principal component analysis.The differentiation of each marker site among the 7 subgroups was evaluated by the Gst value of genetic differentiation index,indicating that there was high genetic differentiation among the 7 subgroups.Moreover,at least 0.09%of the genomic segments in this collection are completely different,and only 0.08%are frequently communicated and fixed,suggesting an extremely low frequency of gene exchange between different subpopulations.Based on the difference of altitude among subpopulations,the differential genomic regions among populations were proposed associating with altitude adaptability.Collectively,these results provided scientific basis for effective protection and efficient utilization of rice resources in rice breeding.

关 键 词：遗传多样性 群体结构 基因芯片 SNP标记 遗传分化 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]