基于分子标记和表型性状的水稻地方品种遗传多样性研究  

Diversity of Rice Landraces Revealed by Molecular Markers and Phenotypic Traits

作　　者：王晓映 张方玉 万星 王成琪 刘燚 肖本泽[1] WANG Xiao-ying;ZHANG Fang-yu;WAN Xing;WANG Cheng-qi;LIU Yi;XIAO Ben-ze(College of Plant Science and Technology,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学植物科学技术学院,武汉430070

出　　处：《植物遗传资源学报》2023年第3期636-647,共12页Journal of Plant Genetic Resources

基　　金：国家转基因专项(2016ZX08001-003)。

摘　　要：水稻地方品种蕴藏着许多重要农艺性状的优良基因资源,是水稻遗传改良的重要载体。本研究选用47对SSR标记和16个表型性状对58份水稻优异地方品种进行遗传多样性和聚类分析。结果表明,47对SSR标记在供试材料中共扩增出284条多态性片段,这些标记平均每个可检测出6.04个多态性位点(变幅为3~10个),平均多态性信息含量(PIC)为0.67(变幅为0.38~0.81),平均遗传多样性指数(GDI)为1.36(变幅为0.76~1.88);这在一定程度上反映了本研究选用的微卫星标记多态性比较丰富,对材料的区分能力较强。供试材料在16个表型性状上的变异幅度大,具有不同程度的离散度;其中芒长、剑叶角度、每穗实粒数的变异最为丰富,变异系数分别为2.15、0.73和0.51;而穗长、生育期、千粒重、剑叶宽的变异程度较小,变异系数均在0.2以下。聚类分析表明,供试材料基于标记和表型性状的聚类结果大体吻合,一些具有共同亲本来源的材料(二九南1号、广陆矮4号、陆财号、矮脚南特、金南特、广陆矮15)、亲缘关系较近的姊妹系品种(旱麻稻1号和旱麻稻2号、梅花糯1号和梅花糯2号、木瓜糯1号和木瓜糯2号、香糯1号和香糯2号)在这两种聚类方法上均被聚在一起。客观全面地评价不同种质的遗传多样性,将对杂交育种中合理选配亲本进而培育出优良的新型育种材料发挥积极作用。Rice landraces harbour many elite genes modulating important agronomic traits,and are important resources in rice genetic improvement.In this study,47 pairs of SSR markers and 16 phenotypic traits were deployed to conduct the genetic diversity and clustering analysis of 58 excellent rice landraces.The results showed that 284 polymorphic alleles were amplified from 58 rice landraces with an average of 6.04 polymorphic sites(variations:3 to 10);the polymorphism information content(PIC)ranged from 0.38 to 0.81 with an average of 0.67;and the genetic diversity index(GDI)ranged from 0.76 to 1.88 with an average of 1.36.These suggested that these SSR markers revealed rich polymorphisms and were able to clarity these rice landraces.The variations on 16 phenotypic traits of this collection were largely different;the variation coefficients of awn length,flag leaf angle and filled grains per panicle were 2.15,0.73 and 0.51,respectively;those of panicle length,growth period,thousand-grain weight and flag leaf width were below 0.2.The clustering analysis showed that the dendrogram of this collection based on either markers or phenotypic traits were generally consistent.In some lines sharing pedigree(Erjiunan 1,Guangluai 4,Lucaihao,Aijiaonant,Jinnante,Guangluai 15),or sister lines(between Hanmadao 1 and Hanmadao 2,Meihuanuo 1 and Meihuanuo 2,Muguanuo 1 and Muguanuo 2,Xiangnuo 1 and Xiangnuo 2),they were clustered together using either of both datasets.Collectively,gained from evaluating the genetic diversity of different rice landraces,this study provided insights in selection of elite parental lines applicable in rice breeding.

关 键 词：水稻 SSR标记 表型 遗传多样性 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]