陕西北扩区苹果种植的气候适宜性及潜力分析  

Climatic Suitability and Potential Analysis of Apple Planting in Northern Expansion Area of Shaanxi Province

作　　者：梁轶 屈振江[3] 鲁成 张黎[5] 刘璐 王景红 LIANG Yi;QU Zhen-jiang;LU Cheng;ZHANG Li;LIU Lu;WANG Jing-hong(Shaanxi Meteorological Service Center of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Economic Crops,Xi’an 710015,China;Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment and Meteorology for the Qinling Mountains and Loess Plateau,Xi’an 710015;Meteorological Institute of Shaanxi Province,Xi’an 710015;Yulin Fruit Industry Development Center,Yuyang 719053;Shaanxi Meteorological Observatory,Xi’an 710014;Shaanxi Meteorological Cadre Training College,Xi’an 710015)

机构地区：[1]陕西省农业遥感与经济作物气象服务中心,西安710015 [2]秦岭和黄土高原生态环境气象重点实验室,西安710015 [3]陕西省气象科学研究所,西安710015 [4]榆林市果业发展中心,榆阳719053 [5]陕西省气象台,西安710014 [6]陕西省气象干部培训学院,西安710015

出　　处：《中国农业气象》2023年第5期347-360,共14页Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology

基　　金：中国气象局创新发展专项(CXFZ2021J064);陕西省重点研发计划项目“陕西省苹果花期冻害精细化防控关键技术研究”(2022NY-219)。

摘　　要：为了厘清新的气候期(1991-2020年)陕西北扩区苹果气候适宜种植区的精细化分布,揭示该区域苹果可发展种植潜力,本文基于陕西苹果产区气象观测、数字高程模型、耕地确权等多源数据资料,综合考虑陕北山地苹果种植的气候与立地条件需求,选取年平均气温、年降水量、6-8月空气相对湿度、6-8月平均最低气温、1月平均气温、坡向、坡度共7项因子作为区划指标,采用多元回归方法进行各气候因子空间化模拟推算,基于模糊集线性隶属函数方法构建各项单因子适宜度定量评价模型,利用加权综合评判和集优法研制了陕西北扩区苹果种植气候适宜性区划,并应用耕地确权数据提取分县(区)苹果北扩适宜种植区的旱地和可灌溉面积分布,以明确其可发展种植潜力。结果表明:(1)陕西苹果适宜种植区北界主要分布在自吴起、靖边中南部向东北经横山南部、米脂延伸至佳县中南部一带向阳缓坡丘陵沟壑区,海拔一般在730~1660m。(2)野外调查验证显示,区划结果与果园实地种植分布的一致性约80%。(3)基于耕地确权数据的分县(区)苹果气候适宜区精细化空间分布结果显示,北扩区苹果气候适宜等级以上可发展种植面积约276.9khm2,占可用耕地24.6%,其中旱地面积占96.3%,以雨养农业为主。与各县(区)苹果种植现状统计数据对比分析表明,榆林市除神木、府谷外的其他大部分县(区)和延安市吴起县苹果气候适宜区潜在种植面积尚有4.9~28.5khm2的发展空间,延安市志丹县苹果气候适宜区潜在种植发展面积已趋于饱和。The purpose of this study is to clarify the fine distribution of climatic suitable area for apple planting in the northern extension area of Shaanxi province in the new climate period(1991−2020),and reveal the development potential of apple planting in this region.Based on the meteorological observation data,the digital elevation model data and the arable land confirmation data,the requirements for the climatic suitability and mountainous site conditions of apple planting in the northern expansion area of Shaanxi province were comprehensively analyzed.Seven factors,including annual average temperature,annual precipitation,average relative humidity from June to August,average minimum temperature from June to August,average temperature in January,aspect and slope,were selected as zoning indexes to divide the climatic suitability of apple planting in the research area.The multiple regression method was used to simulate and calculate the spatialization of every climatic factor.Then the suitability quantitative evaluation model of each single factor was constructed by fuzzy set linear membership function method.The climatic suitability regionalization of apple planting in the northern extension area of Shaanxi was developed by weighted comprehensive evaluation and set optimization methods.Finally,the distribution of dry land and irrigation area in the suitable planting area for apple of each district was extracted by using the arable land confirmation data.The results showed:(1)the northern boundary of the suitable area for apple planting in Shaanxi was from Wuqi county,the middle and south of Jingbian county to the northeast through the south of Hengshan county,Mizhi county to the middle and southern of Jiaxian county,whose terrain were mainly hilly and gully area along the sunny gentle slope,with a general altitude of 730-1660m.(2)The field investigation showed that the zoning result was about 80%consistent with the field planting distribution of apple orchard.(3)The refined spatial distribution of climatic approp

关 键 词：苹果 气候 适宜度模型 种植发展潜力 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学] S162[农业科学—园艺学]