1981-2015年东北地区寒潮事件变化特征  

Characteristics of Cold Wave Events Changes in Northeast China from 1981 to 2015

作　　者：王晓伟 李晓玉 史雯琪 谷佳桐 赵海根 孙琛[1] 游松财[1] WANG Xiao-wei;LI Xiao-yu;SHI Wen-qi;GU Jia-tong;ZHAO Hai-gen;SUN Chen;YOU Song-cai(Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Northeast Agriculture University,Harbin 150030;Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081 [2]东北农业大学,哈尔滨150030 [3]沈阳农业大学,沈阳110866

出　　处：《中国农业气象》2023年第5期423-432,共10页Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology

基　　金：粮食主产区主要气象灾变过程及其减灾保产调控关键技术(2017YFD0300400)。

摘　　要：利用东北地区1981-2015年226个气象台站日最低气温数据,以国家标准《寒潮等级》(GB/T 21987-2017)为依据,计算35a来各单站不同等级冷空气过程的次数和日数。应用线性回归、气候倾向率等统计分析方法,得出东北地区寒潮事件的年际尺度及月尺度变化特征。结果表明:1981-2015年东北地区寒潮、强寒潮及超强寒潮三种级别寒潮事件,空间分布规律符合高纬度和高海拔地区日数多,低纬度和平原地区日数少的特点,高发地区主要集中在大、小兴安岭和长白山等高海拔地区。研究期内整个东北地区寒潮事件呈减少趋势;寒潮及强寒潮主要呈低纬度减少而中高纬度增多的趋势,超强寒潮主要呈减弱的趋势;各月份三种级别寒潮事件年均次数及日数趋势变化幅度小,均在[-1, 1]区间内。1月和5月寒潮事件呈增多趋势,2月和10月呈减少趋势;3月增多区域主要集中在中部地区;4月呈次数减少而日数增加的趋势;9月呈次数增加而日数减少;11月寒潮事件主要呈中高纬度增加而低纬度地区减少的特点;12月与11月变化趋势相反,主要呈中低纬度增加而高纬度减少的趋势。The Northeast China is one of the regions with a high frequency of cold wave events.It is crucial to clarify the pattern of cold wave events to develop disaster prevention and mitigation strategies.Authors used the Chinese national standard"Cold Wave Levels"(GB/T 21987-2017)and daily minimum temperature data from 226 meteorological stations in Northeast China from 1981 to 2015 to calculate the times and days of different levels of cold wave events occurring annually and monthly at the stations during 35 years.Linear regression and climate trend analysis were used to derive the spatial and temporal characteristics of cold wave events in Northeastern China.The results showed that the three levels of cold wave events occur more frequently at high latitudes and altitudes than at low latitudes and altitudes.High-occurrence areas are located in high-altitude areas,such as Daxinganling,Xiaoxinganling,and the Changbai mountains.The times of cold wave,strong cold wave,and extreme cold wave events at the stations during the last 35 years ranged from 37 to 447,2 to 213,and 0 to 190,and their days ranged from 81 to 894,5 to 464,and 0 to 475,respectively.In January,February,March,November,and December,the average times of cold wave events were 1.41,1.46,1.09,1.36,and 1.39,and the average days was 3.04,3.15,2.23,3.13,and 3.20,respectively.There were fewer cold wave events in April,May,September,and October,with an average times of 0.18,0.01,0.02,and 0.36 and an average days of 0.30,0.02,0.03,and 0.74 respectively(average of all stations).A trend of decreasing cold wave events is observed in the Northeast.The times of cold wave and strong cold wave events decreased at low latitudes and increased at middle and high latitudes,and the times of extreme cold wave events decreased.Climate trend analysis shows that the monthly average times and days of cold wave events for all three levels was in the range of[-1,1].The cold wave events in January and May showed an increasing trend,and those in February and October showed a decreasing

关 键 词：东北地区 寒潮事件 年尺度 月尺度 特征 

分 类 号：P425.54[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]