2016—2020年深圳市某儿童医院流行性感冒流行病学分析及防控对策探讨  

Epidemiological Analysis and Prevention and Control Countermeasures of a Children’s Hospital in Shenzhen from 2016 to 2020

作　　者：梁静[1] 尹运冬[1] 陈小珍[1] LIANG Jing;YIN Yun-dong;CHEN Xiao-zhen(Shen Zhen Children’s hospital,Shenzhen,Guangdong,518028,China)

机构地区：[1]深圳市儿童医院,广东深圳518028

出　　处：《中国初级卫生保健》2023年第4期62-65,共4页Chinese Primary Health Care

摘　　要：目的:了解深圳市某儿童医院流行性感冒(以下简称流感)的流行特征,为儿童流感防控提供依据。方法:对2016—2020年深圳市某三级甲等儿童医院报告的流感病例资料进行描述性流行病学分析。结果:2016—2020年该医院共报告流感病例37 107例,其中2016—2019年流感病例人数逐年上升,并呈现季节性多样化,2020年1月底新冠疫情发生后,流感病例报告人数显著下降。2016—2020年上报的流感病例中,男性多于女性,男女性别比为1.43∶1;年龄以<5岁儿童为主,占59.01%;职业分布以散居儿童和幼托儿童为主,分别占39.10%和36.83%;流感病毒分型以甲型为主,占67.49%。2016—2020年上报的流感病例在性别、年龄、职业、病毒分型间的比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为22.448、534.97、441.33和1 435.93,P值均<0.01)。结论:相关部门在流感预防过程中,应重视面向公众的健康教育宣传工作,提醒公众加强日常个人防护可有效降低流感的传播,在每年流感流行高峰期前应对低幼儿童进行流感疫苗接种,加强免疫屏障,做好流感的防控工作。OBJECTIVE To understand the epidemic characteristics of influenza(hereinafter referred to as influenza)in a children’s hospital in Shenzhen and provide a basis for the prevention and control of influenza in children.METHODS Descrip⁃tive epidemiological analysis of influenza cases reported by a first-class A children’s hospital in Shenzhen from 2016 to 2020.RESULTS From 2016 to 2020,the total number of influenza cases reported in a third-class children’s hospital in Shenzhen was 37107,which increased year by year from 2016 to 2019,and showed seasonal diversification.After the outbreak of COVID-19 at the end of January 2020,due to changes in residents’behavior,reducing gatherings,wearing masks,and maintaining social distancing,the route of transmission had been cut off and influenza reports had dropped significantly.The gender proportion of reported influen⁃za cases from 2016 to 2020 showed that males were higher than females,and the male-to-female sex ratio was 1.43∶1,Children less than 5 years old are most susceptible,and occupational distribution was mainly scattered children and kindergarten children,virus type A was higher than type B.There were statistically significant differences in influenza cases of gender composition,age composition,occupation composition and virus type in different year(χ2=22.448,534.97,441.33,1435.93,P<0.01).CONCLU⁃SION In influenza prevention,paying attention to public health education and strengthening the daily personal protective measures can effectively reduce the spread of influenza.Prior to the annual flu epidemic peak,younger child should be given the flu vaccina⁃tion,strengthen the immune barrier,and do a good job in influenza prevention and control.

关 键 词：儿童 流行性感冒 流行病学 防控对策 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]