金属增减材制造本构模型获取方法研究进展  

Research Progress on Methods for Obtaining Constitutive Model of Metal Material Additive Manufacturing

作　　者：王丰[1] 刘蒙[2] 李国和[1] 王大春 闫冬 范建勋 WANG Feng;LIU Meng;LI Guo-he;WANG Da-chun;YAN Dong;FAN Jian-xun(College of Mechanical Engineering,Tianjin University of Technology and Education,Tianjin 300222,China;School of Mechanical Engineering,Dalian University of Technology,Liaoning Dalian 116024,China)

机构地区：[1]天津职业技术师范大学机械工程学院,天津300222 [2]大连理工大学机械工程学院,辽宁大连116024

出　　处：《表面技术》2023年第3期52-63,共12页Surface Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51875409);天津市教委重点项目(2020ZD08);天津市“项目+团队”重点培养专项(XC202051);2021年天津市研究生科研创新项目(2021YJSS217)。

摘　　要：总结了金属增材制造材料本构模型的获取方法,从准静态试验、热压缩试验、动态试验、硬度等效及微观组织模拟5个方面归纳了金属增材制造材料本构模型获取的研究成果。在此基础上,分析了目前存在的问题,并对未来的发展方向进行了展望。结果表明,通过准静态力学试验、热压缩试验及动态力学试验获取的本构模型可以反映材料宏观的力学性能,但无法反映材料的非均质特性;硬度等效本构模型可以体现一定的非均质性,但准确性无法得到保证;基于微观组织的本构模型对材料的性能表征较为全面,但目前仍处在探索阶段。随着计算机技术和增减材复合制造技术的发展,开发具有一定物理意义、考虑增材成形材料微观组织分布的本构模型获取方法将是未来主要的发展方向。Additive/subtractive manufacturing is an advanced hybrid manufacturing technology that combines additive manufacturing with traditional machining.The additive forming materials have excellent mechanical properties and the forming process breaks the geometric constraints of the traditional machining.Therefore,the additive/subtractive manufacturing technology has a huge market prospect in the fields of aerospace,shipbuilding,and die manufacturing.However,the rapid cooling and heating in the additive process leads to the inhomogeneous of microstructure,which brings great challenges to the subsequent machining.Finite element simulation is an effective method to study the machining mechanism of additive manufacturing materials.The constitutive model is the decisive factor to assurance the accuracy of finite element simulation.Therefore,it is urgent to study on the establishment of constitutive relationship of additive manufacturing materials.The work aims to summarize the methods of obtaining the constitutive model of additive manufacturing of metal materials and review the research results of obtaining the constitutive model from five aspects of quasi-static test,hot compression test,dynamic test,hardness equivalence and microstructure simulation.The common methods used to study the mechanical properties of additive manufacturing materials by obtaining the stress-strain relationship and fit the corresponding constitutive model are the quasi-static test,hot compression test and dynamic test.On this basis,the existing problems were analyzed and the future development direction was prospected.On the aspect of quasi-static test,researchers in China and abroad have studied the mechanical properties of materials based on Ramberg-Osgood model,and put forward a variety of modified constitutive models.For hot compression test and dynamic test,researchers mostly use the Johnson-Cook model to characterize the dynamic mechanical properties of materials,and modify the model according to different test conditions and materials.The

关 键 词：增减材制造 本构模型 力学性能试验 硬度 微观组织 

分 类 号：TG506[金属学及工艺—金属切削加工及机床] TG665