二维超声振动车削6061铝合金圆筒表面粗糙度研究  

Surface Roughness of 6061 Aluminum Alloy Cylinder Turned by Two-dimensional Ultrasonic Vibration

作　　者：刘自强 童景琳[1] 卞平艳[1] 宰鹏辉 张志鹏 LIU Zi-qiang;TONG Jing-lin;BIAN Ping-yan;ZAI Peng-hui;ZHANG Zhi-peng(School of Mechanical and Power Engineering,Henan Polytechnic University,Henan Jiaozuo 454003,China)

机构地区：[1]河南理工大学机械与动力工程学院,河南焦作454003

出　　处：《表面技术》2023年第3期308-317,共10页Surface Technology

基　　金：中国博士后面上基金(2019M652534);2019省博士后科研项目启动资助(19030071);河南省高等学校重点科研项目(20A460016)。

摘　　要：目的研究分析二维超声振动车削加工中切削参数和声学参数对6061铝合金圆筒表面粗糙度的影响。方法结合二维超声振动特性,建立二维超声振动车削表面粗糙度理论模型,采用四因素四水平正交试验,获得二维超声振动车削6061铝合金圆筒过程中切削参数和声学参数对工件表面粗糙度的影响规律,选取其中4组进行二维超声振动车削与普通车削对比实验,并通过白光干涉仪和超景深显微镜对加工后的工件表面进行观测。结果正交试验结果表明,切深对加工表面粗糙度的影响不明显,超声振幅、转速、进给量对加工表面粗糙度的影响程度分别为84.35%、11.36%、4.29%。超声和无超声对比实验表明,二维超声振动车削相较于普通车削能显著降低车削表面的粗糙度,最大下降率为47.65%,最小下降率为11.27%;相比于普通车削加工,二维超声振动车削表面具有均匀分布的鱼鳞状微织构。结论加工参数对表面粗糙度影响的显著从高到低为超声振幅>转速>进给量>切深,最优加工参数为fr=0.15 mm/r、n=400 r/min、A=2μm、ap=0.2 mm。采用二维超声振动车削的加工方法,可以显著降低6061铝合金圆筒表面的粗糙度值,并且加工表面有均匀分布的鱼鳞状微织构。Two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration turning can effectively reduce cutting temperature,retard tool wear and improve surface quality of machined workpiece.At the same time,due to its special tool tip movement track,the machined surface presents special micro-texture,which improves the wear resistance of the surface.6061 aluminium alloy cylinder is characterized by large plasticity and easy deformation,but is difficult to guarantee the surface quality and accuracy after machining by ordinary turning.The experiment was carried out with a single-excitation two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration turning tool.The work aims to analyze the effects of cutting parameters and acoustic parameters on the surface roughness of 6061 aluminum alloy cylinders in two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration turning machining.Four-factor four-level orthogonal experiments were designed and four groups of experiments were selected for comparison between two-dimensional ultrasonic vibration turning and conventional turning.Before the test,the amplitude of the turning tool was measured with the laser displacement sensor LK-G10 and the required amplitude parameters were obtained.In order to eliminate the effects of the factors of the workpiece itself and the swing of the workpiece on the research results,self-made parts blocks were inserted at both ends of the workpiece to prevent the cylinder from being crushed and deformed during clamping,and the tail of the workpiece was held with an ejector pin to prevent the workpiece from swinging.Firstly,the clamped 6061 aluminium alloy cylinder was roughly machined on the lathe and then the workpiece was machined according to the experimental parameters.The cutting length of each group was 15 mm.The machined workpiece surface was cleaned with an ultrasonic cleaner.Then the surface morphology of the cleaned workpiece was observed by VHX-2000,and the cleaned workpiece surface was measured by BRUKER GTK white light interferometer.Significance levelα=0.01 was selected to carry out ANOVA and significance anal

关 键 词：二维超声振动车削 6061铝合金圆筒 单激励椭圆振动车刀 表面粗糙度 微织构 

分 类 号：TB559[理学—物理] TG511[理学—声学]