不同收缩形式长喉槽收缩率与泥沙淤积特性研究  

Study on Contraction Ratio and Sediment Deposition Properties of Long-throated Flume with Different Upstream Contraction Style

作　　者：周健凡 管光华[1] 冯晓波[1] ZHOU Jian-fan;GUAN Guang-hua;FENG Xiao-bo(State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室,武汉430072

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2023年第5期1-9,共9页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51979202);江西省水利厅科技项目(202022YBKT18)。

摘　　要：长喉槽是一种经济、稳定、水头损失较小的量水设施,为优化其体型设计,并为其应用于含沙水流渠道量水提供参考,采用三维流体力学计算软件对不同收缩形式长喉槽内部的水流与泥沙特性进行了模拟计算。在验证数值模型可靠性的前提下,由弗汝德数、渠道超高分析确定了收缩率取值区间:仅有侧收缩形式0.36~0.40、仅有底收缩形式0.40~0.72、既有侧收缩又有底收缩形式0.36~0.73;水流含沙时,模拟结果表明泥沙主要淤积在长喉槽上游行近渠段,并且泥沙淤积厚度:仅有侧收缩形式<既有侧收缩又有底收缩形式<仅有底收缩形式。研究表明3种收缩形式长喉槽中,既有侧收缩又有底收缩形式结构设计灵活度高,从泥沙淤积角度考虑,仅有侧收缩形式最优,结论可为我国多沙河流灌区的长喉槽量水设计提供技术依据。Long-throated flume provides a cost effective,high robustness and low head loss structure for measuring flow in open channel.In order to optimize the contraction ratio design and understanding the sediment deposition characteristic of long-throated flume to provide reference for its application in flow measurement in sediment flow channels,in this paper,three dimensional fluid dynamics software was used to simulate the characteristics of water flow and sediment in the long-throated flume with different contraction styles.On the premise of verifying the reliability of the numerical model,the contraction ratio of flume was determined to be 0.36~0.40 for the style of only with side contraction,0.40~0.72 for the style of only with vertical contraction,and 0.36~0.73 for the style of with both side and vertical contraction,respectively.When the flow contains sediment,the simulation results showed that the sediment mainly accumulated on the upstream of longthroated flume near the channel,and the order of sediment thickness was as follows:the style of only with side contraction<the style of only with vertical contraction<the style of with both side and vertical contraction.The study shows that the style with both side contraction and vertical contraction has high flexibility.From the view of siltation,the style with only side contration is optimal.The conclusions can provide technical reference for design and selection of long-throated flume in a large number of Yellow River irrigation areas in China.

关 键 词：量水设施 长喉槽 收缩形式 收缩率 泥沙淤积 数值模拟 

分 类 号：S274.4[农业科学—农业水土工程]