新型生态保水剂对青贮玉米光合特性及产量的影响  

Effects of New Ecological Water-Retaining Agent on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Silage Maize

作　　者：邓超超 宿翠翠 周琦 施志国 张靖 王振龙 周彦芳 DENG Chao-chao;SU Cui-cui;ZHOU Qi;SHI Zhi-guo;ZHANG Jing;WANG Zheng-long;ZHOU Yan-fang(Gansu Academy of Agricultural Engineering Technology,Wuwei 733006,Gansu Province,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业工程技术研究院,甘肃武威733006

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2023年第5期96-102,108,共8页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：甘肃省青年科技基金计划项目(21JR7RA747);甘肃省2021年度重点人才项目(2021RCXM007)。

摘　　要：针对河西灌青贮玉米发展面临的水资源紧缺、灌溉水利用率低等生产实际问题。以中国科学院上海应用物理研究所研发的保水剂(新型生态保水剂)为材料,研究滴灌下新型生态保水剂施用量(CK:0 kg/hm^(2),B3:45 kg/hm^(2),B5:75 kg/hm^(2),B7:105 kg/hm^(2))对耕层土壤水分及青贮玉米光合特性、产量和品质的影响。结果表明:①玉米整个生育期0~40 cm土层土壤体积含水量,随保水剂施用量的增加而增加,B5和B7处理间差异不显著,B5和B7处理青贮玉米生育期土壤体积含水量较CK处理分别提高11.27%和12.15%;②施用保水剂能显著提高青贮玉米叶片光合性能,B5处理青贮玉米叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和叶片水分利用效率较CK处理分别提高7.67%、58.32%、32.94%、35.22%和17.63%;B5和B7处理间差异不显著;③施用保水剂能显著提高青贮玉米鲜草产量、经济效益和改善饲草品质,与CK处理相比,B5处理青贮玉米产量、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、可溶性碳水化合物含量分别提高27.22%、19.16%、24.24%、24.22%,酸性洗涤纤维和中性洗涤纤维含量降低12.14%和、7.73%。因此,在河西地区青贮玉米覆膜滴灌种植中新型生态保水剂的最佳施用量为75 kg/hm^(2)。In view of the practical problems of water shortage and low utilization rate of irrigation water faced by the development of silage maize in Hexi irrigation area,in this study,the water retaining agent(new ecological water retaining agent)developed by Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences was used as the material to study the effects of new ecological water-retention agent application rate(CK:0 kg/hm^(2),B3:45 kg/hm^(2),B5:75 kg/hm^(2),B7:105 kg/hm^(2))on soil moisture and photosynthetic characteristics,yield and quality of silage maize under drip irrigation.The results showed that:①During the whole growth period of maize,the soil volumetric water content in 0~40 cm soil layer increased with the increase of water retaining agent application rate,and there was no significant difference between B5 and B7 treatments.The soil volumetric water content of silage maize in B5 and B7 treatments was 11.27%and 12.15%higher than that of CK treatment,respectively.②The application of water retaining agent could significantly improve the photosynthetic performance of silage maize leaves.The chlorophyll content,net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,stomatal conductance and leaf water use efficiency of silage maize leaves treated with B5 were increased by7.67%,58.32%,32.94%,35.22%and 17.63%,respectively,compared with CK treatment.There was no significant difference between B5 and B7 treatments.③The application of water retaining agent could significantly improve the fresh grass yield,economic benefit and forage quality of silage maize.Compared with CK treatment,the yield,crude protein,crude fat and soluble carbohydrate content of silage maize treated with B5 were increased by 27.22%,19.16%,24.24%and 24.22%,respectively,and the content of acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber were decreased by 12.14%and 7.73%,respectively.Therefore,75 kg/hm^(2)is the best application rate of the new ecological water-retaining agent for silage maize under film mulching drip irrigation in Hexi area.

关 键 词：河西灌区 保水剂 土壤水分 滴灌 青贮玉米 光合特性 品质 产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S318S274.3