基于水面一点法的明渠流量计算方法研究  

Research on Open Channel Flow Calculation Method Based on Water Surface One Point Method

作　　者：王宝贺 王竹青[2] 苏沛兰[1] 吴建华[1] 张玉胜[1] WANG Bao-he;WANG Zhu-qing;SU Pei-lan;WU Jian-hua;ZHANG Yu-sheng(College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China;China Irrigation and Drainage Development Center Water Machine Site Inspection Station,Yuncheng 044000,Shanxi Province,China)

机构地区：[1]太原理工大学水利科学与工程学院,太原030024 [2]中国灌溉排水发展中心水机现场检测站,山西运城044000

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2023年第5期109-113,121,共6页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：山西省基础研究计划资助项目(20210302123169,202203021212271);山西省高等学校科技创新项目资助(2021L020,2022L033);太原理工大学校级科学研究基金项目(2022QN055)。

摘　　要：针对当前接触式流速仪测流难度大的问题,提出了一种非接触式流量计算方法。由于渠道水流中垂线平均流速与断面平均流速近似相同,垂线平均流速与垂线水面处流速的比值为恒定值,因此可以通过该恒定值与中垂线水面流速、断面面积三组参数实现对明渠断面流量的计算。以东深供水工程某段矩形明渠为研究对象,对不同垂线上实测流速进行积分计算垂线平均流速,通过实测流速拟合抛物线函数流速分布公式计算垂线水面处流速,同时将垂线平均流速与垂线水面处流速的比值作为流量系数。结果发现,基于该流量系数的计算流量与实测流量十分接近,表明本文提出的水面一点法保证测流精度的同时能有效降低测流难度。提出的基于水面一点法的明渠流量计算方法具有较高精度,可为东深供水工程渠道流量实时监测及其他灌区快速测流提供理论依据。Aiming at the difficulty of present contact flow meter for flow measurement,this paper proposes a non-contact flow calculation method.Since the average flow velocity of the perpendicular line and the average flow velocity of the section are approximately the same in the channel water flow,and the ratio of the average flow velocity of the perpendicular line to the flow velocity at the perpendicular water surface is a constant value,the flow rate of the open channel section can be calculated through the three sets of parameters,namely the constant value,the middle perpendicular water surface flow rate and the section area.In this paper,a rectangular nullah of the Dongshen Water Supply Project was taken as the research object,the average flow velocity of the perpendicular line was calculated by integrating the measured flow velocity on different perpendicular lines,and the flow velocity at the perpendicular water surface was calculated by fitting the flow velocity distribution formula of the parabolic function of the measured flow velocity,and the ratio of the average perpendicular flow velocity to the flow velocity at the perpendicular water surface was used as the flow coefficient.The results showed that the calculated flow rate based on the flow coefficient was very close to the measured flow,which indicated that the water surface one point method proposed in this paper could effectively reduce the difficulty of flow measurement while ensuring the accuracy of flow measurement.The calculation method of open channel flow based on one point method of water surface proposed in this paper has high precision,which can provide theoretical basis for real-time monitoring of channel flow in Dongshen Water Supply Project and rapid flow measurement in other irrigation areas.

关 键 词：断面平均流速 水面流速 流量系数 水面一点法 

分 类 号：S274.4[农业科学—农业水土工程]