花生植株和土壤水浸液对木薯幼苗生长及土壤生物学特性的影响  

Effect of Aqueous Extracts from Plant,Soil of Peanut on Soil Microbiological Characteristics and Growth of Cassava

作　　者：李益 刘子凡[2] 刘治 黄洁[3] 魏云霞[3] 符厚隆 LI Yi;LIU Zifan;LIU Zhi;HUANG Jie;WEI Yunxia;FU Houlong(Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center of Lingao County,Lingao,Hainan 571800,China;College of Tropical Crops,Hainan University,Haikou,Hainan 570228,China;Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute,CATAS,Danzhou,Hainan 571101,China)

机构地区：[1]临高县农业技术推广服务中心,海南临高571800 [2]海南大学热带作物学院,海南海口570228 [3]中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所,海南儋州571101

出　　处：《热带农业科学》2023年第4期6-10,共5页Chinese Journal of Tropical Agriculture

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部——国家现代木薯产业技术体系建设专项(No.CARS–11–hnhj)。

摘　　要：探讨花生对木薯的化感效应,为木薯-花生合理间作提供理论依据。以华南8号木薯为供试材料进行盆栽试验,选用花针期花生和根际土壤制备根、茎、叶及根际土壤水浸液(分别用GE、JE、YE和TE表示),待木薯长至30 d时,将20 g/L的4种水浸液分别浇灌至植有木薯的土壤中,以浇灌等量水作为对照,分析水浸液对木薯幼苗生长及土壤微生物学特性的影响。结果表明,JE、YE、TE处理能显著提高地上部鲜重;YE处理能显著提高可培养细菌数量和微生物总量;GE、JE、YE和TE处理均能显著提高木薯地下部的鲜重与干重、土壤可培养真菌数量与放线菌数量、土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶和酸性磷酸酶活性。综上,花生植株中的化感物质进入土壤后,能直接或间接改变微生物数量和土壤酶活性,最终促进木薯苗期干物质的积累。To explore the chemosensitive effect of peanuts on cassava and provide a theoretical basis for rational cassava-peanut intercropping.A pot experiment was carried out with SC8 cassava as the test material.Root,stem,leaf,and rhizosphere soil aqueous extracts were manufactured(denoted by GE,JE,YE,and TE,respectively)using peanut plants and rhizosphere soil in the pod-pin stage.When the cassava grows up to 30 days,four different extracts of 20 g·L~(-1)GE,JE,YE,and TE were respectively irrigated into the soil planted with cassava,and the control group was with the same amount of water.The effects of extracts on the growth of cassava seedlings and soil microbiological characteristics were analyzed.The results showed that the treatments of JE,YE,and TE could significantly increase shoot fresh weight,treatment of YE could increase the number of culturable bacteria and the total amount of microorganisms,and the GE,JE,YE,and TE treatments could significantly increase the underground part fresh and dry weight of cassava,the number of culturable fungi and actinomycetes,the activities of soil urease,catalase,and acid phosphatase.In conclusion,allelopathic substances of peanut plants were introduced into the soil by leaching,which directly or indirectly changed the number of microorganisms and soil enzyme activities,and then promoted the accumulation of cassava dry matter.

关 键 词：花生 土壤 水浸液 木薯 生长 土壤微生物 土壤酶 

分 类 号：S533[农业科学—作物学]