基于SA-FOA的水库防洪优化调度研究  

Research on the Optimal Flood Control Operation of Reservoir Using SA-FOA

作　　者：王成民 王昊 刁艳芳[2] WANG Cheng-min;WANG Hao;DIAO Yan-fang(Rizhao Reservoir Management and Operation Center,Rizhao 276800,Shandong Province,China;College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University,Taian 271018,Shandong Province,China)

机构地区：[1]日照水库管理运行中心,山东日照276800 [2]山东农业大学水利土木工程学院,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2023年第5期85-90,共6页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金面上项目(ZR2021ME058);山东省重点研发计划项目(2019GSF111043)。

摘　　要：由于优化调度方案在确保水库及上下游安全、减少洪水损失等方面比常规调度方案更有效,自20世纪60年代以来各种优化算法被大量用于水库防洪调度方案的优化。果蝇优化算法(Fruit Fly Optimization Algorithm,FOA)由于具有原理简单、参数少、计算量小及易于实现等优点而被广泛应用,然而已有研究发现其存在过早收敛、易于陷入局部最优等问题,为此提出一种用于求解水库防洪调度问题的耦合模拟退火算法的果蝇优化算法(Fruit Fly Optimization Algorithm Coupled with Simulated Annealing Algorithm,SA-FOA)。该算法通过设置随迭代次数逐渐减小的果蝇移动搜索距离,提高了迭代初期的收敛速度并避免了迭代后期错过最优解;同时,将模拟退火算法中的Metropolis准则引入到果蝇优化算法的迭代过程中,依概率对产生的新个体进行选择,克服了果蝇优化算法易陷入局部最优解的缺点。以坝前最高水位和最大削峰准则作为目标函数,构建水库双目标防洪优化调度模型,采用SA-FOA求解日照水库两场洪水的最优泄流方案集,结果表明:(1)两个目标函数近似成反比关系,这是因为两者代表的目标存在冲突所致;(2)与FOA求得结果进行对比可知,SA-FOA求得的目标值比FOA更优;(3)通过与实测泄流过程对比可见,优化调度方案的最高水位和泄流量平方和均小于实测值,故SA-FOA求得的优化调度方案优于实测值。Because the optimal operation scheme is more effective than the conventional operation scheme in ensuring the safety of the reser⁃voir,upstream and downstream and reducing flood losses,various optimization algorithms have been used to optimize flood control opera⁃tions since the 1960s.Fruit fly optimization algorithm(FOA)has been widely used because of its simple principle,few parameters,small amount of calculation and easy to implement.However,it has been found that it has some problems such as premature convergence and easy to fall into a local optimization.Therefore,a fruit fly optimization algorithm coupled with simulated annealing algorithm(SA-FOA)is pro⁃posed to solve the reservoir flood control operation problem.By setting the search distance L,which gradually decreases with the number of it⁃erations,the algorithm improves the convergence speed at the initial stage of iteration and avoids missing the optimal solution in the later stage of iteration.Meanwhile,the Metropolis acceptance rule of the simulated annealing algorithm(SA)is incorporated into the iterative pro⁃cess of the FOA,and the new individuals are selected according to probability,which avoids the disadvantage of FOA falling into a local optimal solution.Taking the maximum water level and the maximum flood peak reduction criterion as the objective function,an optimal reservoir dual-objective flood control operation model is established,and SA-FOA is used to solve the optimal discharge scheme set of two floods in Rizhao reservoir.The results show that:①the two objective functions are approximately inversely proportional,this is due to the conflict be⁃tween the two objectives;②compared with the results obtained by using FOA,the objective function values obtained by using SA-FOA are better than those of FOA;③compared with the measured discharges,it can be seen that the maximum water levels and the sums of square of discharge of the optimal schemes are less than those of the measured values,so the optimal operation schemes obtaine

关 键 词：防洪优化调度 果蝇优化算法 最大削峰准则 日照水库 

分 类 号：TV213.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源]