微咸水灌溉下生物炭对滨海盐渍土玉米生理生长的影响  

The Effects of Biochar on Physiological Growth of Maize in Coastal Saline Soil under Brackish Water Irrigation

作　　者：方明航 朱成立[1] 黄明逸 翟亚明[1] FANG Ming-hang;ZHU Cheng-li;HUANG Ming-yi;ZHAI Ya-ming(College of Agricultural Science and Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,Jiangsu Province,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学农业科学与工程学院,江苏南京210098

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2023年第5期187-193,共7页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD0900701);江苏省博士后科研资助计划(2021K598C)。

摘　　要：为了解微咸水灌溉下生物炭改良滨海盐渍土的作用及效果,现以两种滨海盐渍土(粉砂壤土、砂壤土)为研究对象,设置不同粒径(1~2 mm、<1 mm)和用量(0、2.5%、5%)生物炭处理,开展3 g/L微咸水灌溉的玉米盆栽试验。结果表明:(1)微咸水灌溉下,生物炭降低土壤Na+质量浓度、电导率和容重。土壤容重、电导率、Na+质量浓度分别降低4.7%~14.4%、3.0%~14.3%、4.1%~14.1%。(2)生物炭降低了微咸水及盐渍土对玉米的盐分胁迫和氧化应激,提高玉米的光合能力。叶绿素质量分数、净光合速率和气孔导度分别增加了3.6%~11.7%、3.5%~11.9%和3.5%~11.7%,脱落酸质量比、过氧化氢和丙二醛物质的量浓度分别降低了1.7%~7.9%、1.8%~8.7%和1.6%~8.7%。(3)单独微咸水灌溉下玉米生长受抑,产量下降9.0%~9.9%,粉砂壤土和砂壤土中,生物炭处理的玉米较单独微咸水处理,其最大增产幅度分别为7.6%、5.2%,而较淡水处理分别下降了3.1%、4.6%。对粉砂壤和砂壤质地盐渍土改良所适宜的生物炭施用量分别为5%施加量1~2 mm粒径生物炭,5%施加量<1 mm粒径生物炭,可有效促进盐分淋洗,提高盐渍土玉米产量。In order to understand the role and effect of biochar on improving coastal saline soil under brackish water irrigation,two types of coastal saline soil(silty sand loam and sandy loam)are taken as research objects,and biochar treatment with different particle sizes(1~2 mm,<1 mm)and dosage(0,2.5%,5%)is set up to carry out corn pot experiment irrigated with 3 g/L brackish water.The results show that:①Under brackish water irrigation,biochar decreases soil Na+concentration,electrical conductivity and bulk density.Soil bulk density,electrical conductivity and Na+mass concentration decreases by 4.7%~14.4%,3.0%~14.3%and 4.1%~14.1%respectively.②Biochar re⁃duces the salt stress and oxidative stress of brackish water and saline soil on maize,and improves the photosynthetic capacity of maize.Chlo⁃rophyll mass fraction,net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance increases by 3.6%~11.7%,3.5%~11.9%and 3.5%~11.7%respectively,and abscisic acid mass ratio,hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde concentration decreases by 1.7%~7.9%,1.8%~8.7%and 1.6%~8.7%respectively.③Under the brackish water irrigation alone,the growth of corn is inhibited,and the yield decreases by 9.0%~9.9%.In the silt loam and sandy loam,the maximum yield increase in corn treated with biochar is 7.6%and 5.2%,respectively,compared with the brackish water treatment alone,while that of corn treated with fresh water is 3.1%and 4.6%,respectively.The appropriate applica⁃tion amount of biochar for the improvement of silty sand soil and sandy soil texture saline soil is 5%biochar with a grain size of 1~2 mm,and 5%biochar with a grain size of<1mm,which can effectively promote salt leaching and increase the yield of corn in saline soil.

关 键 词：微咸水 滨海盐渍土 生物炭 粒径 盐分淋洗 玉米 

分 类 号：S275[农业科学—农业水土工程] S287[农业科学—农业工程]