一种旁路施肥机在喷灌水肥一体化的应用试验  

Application Test of a Bypass Fertilizer Spreader in the Integration of Sprinkler iIrrigation Water and Fertilizer

作　　者：汤鹏程[1,2,4] 张紫森 李熙婷 徐冰 任杰[1,2] 李想[1,2,4] TANG Peng-cheng;ZHANG Zi-sen;LI Xi-ting;XU Bing;REN Jie;LI Xiang(Yinshanbeilu Grassland Eco-hydrology National Observation and Research Station,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China;Institute of Water Resources for Pastoral Area,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Hohhot 010020,Inner Mongolia,China;Ordos Center of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Ecology and Resource Protection,Ordos 017200,Inner Mongo-lia,China;College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,Inner Mongolia,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院内蒙古阴山北麓草原生态水文国家野外科学观测研究站,北京100038 [2]中国水利水电科学研究院牧区水利科学研究所,内蒙古呼和浩特010020 [3]鄂尔多斯市农牧业生态与资源保护中心,内蒙古鄂尔多斯017200 [4]内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010018

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2023年第5期194-198,共5页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：国家科技支撑项目(2014BAD12B03);内蒙古自治区水利科研专项(nsk2016-s3)。

摘　　要：针对现有水肥一体化系统施肥机安装管路复杂,自动化程度低、肥料利用效率低等问题,本研究通过解析旁路式施肥机工作原理,对水肥配比管路、电气控制元件布置结构以及动态显示界面进行设计,得到一种旁路施肥机。该旁路施肥机自动化程度较高,可实现水、肥精量调节。同时结合2015年、2016年在内蒙古通辽市的田间试验结果对该施肥机实际应用效果进行验证,应用该旁路施肥机施肥比压差式施肥罐和雨养施肥,2015年分别增产12%与69%;2016年分别增产9%与47%,且两年内应用该旁路施肥机施肥玉米水分生产率均最高,分别为1.87和1.81 kg/m3,经济效益显著。在现代农业高效节水灌溉领域该旁路施肥机具有一定的推广应用意义。Aiming at the problems of complex installation pipeline,low automation degree and low fertilizer utilization efficiency of the existing water and fertilizer integrated system,this study analyzed the working principle of the bypass fertilizer machine,designed the water and fertiliz⁃er ratio pipeline,electrical control component layout structure and dynamic display interface,and got a bypass fertilizer machine.The bypass fertilizer applicator has a high degree of automation and can adjust the precision of water and fertilizer.Combined with the field experiment re⁃sults in Tongliao City,Inner Mongolia in 2015 and 2016,the practical application of the bypass fertilizer machine was verified.Compared with the differential pressure fertilization tank and rain-fed fertilization,the application of the bypass fertilizer machine in 2015 increased the yield by 12%and 69%,respectively.In 2016,the increase was 9%and 47%,respectively,and the water productivity of maize fertilized by the by⁃pass fertilizer machine was the highest in two years,which were 1.87 and 1.81 kg/m³,respectively,showing significant economic benefits.The bypass fertilizer applicator has certain application significance in the field of high efficient water saving irrigation in modern agriculture.

关 键 词：旁路施肥机 喷灌 水肥一体化 

分 类 号：S224.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]