日据初期中国台湾"番地"移转过程研究——以三井财团经营北泰雅人大豹社土地为例  

A Study of Taiwan's Aboriginal Land Transfer during the Early Japanese Colonial Period:An Example of the Mitsui Consortium's Management of the Northern Atayal's Land at Ncaq

作　　者：傅琪贻 Fujii Shizue

机构地区：[1]台湾政治大学民族系,中国

出　　处：《台湾历史研究》2023年第2期9-28,共20页Taiwan History Studies

摘　　要：泰雅人生活在浊水溪以北,大豹社生活在泰雅人最北端靠近台北的大片樟树林中,因富含樟脑资源,其生活的土地也即日人所称"番地",便成为日本侵占中国台湾后觊觎的重要对象。"台湾总督府"的"番地"开发政策,是土地与治安保护由政府提供,土地的运作与经营交由日人民间业者推行。日人通过颁布殖民地森林法,强行将泰雅人的土地变更为所谓"官有地",并赋予"台湾总督"绝对处分权。但因泰雅人有强烈的捍卫家园的意识,日人在北部的樟脑开发遭到大豹社等北泰雅人的强力抵抗。日人于是出动强大的武力,迫使北泰雅人"绝对服从命令",强夺他们的土地,最终将他们驱离家园,使他们沦落到赤贫如洗的境地。"台湾总督府"进一步通过有关"官有地"的处置法规,以出租、出售等方式,将"清理干净"的北泰雅人土地交给有林业经营经验且资力雄厚的三井财团经营,并通过种种保护措施,使其几乎未付出土地成本,即取得"番地"业主权。三井财团通过经营"番地",积攒了巨大财富。泰雅人大豹社土地被移转为三井财团土地的过程,充分展现了日据时期中国台湾少数民族被残酷殖民掠夺的真实历史。Atayal tribes were distributed to the north of Zhuoshui River,Ncaq lived in a large camphor forest near Taipei in the far north of Atayal area.After the Japanese invaded Taiwan,the land where Ncaq lived,which the Japanese call"aboriginal land"(banchi),became a prized object of covetousness because of the forest's camphor resources.According to Taiwan Governorate policy,the government would provide security and land protection,and Japanese private practitioners would operate the land.By enacting the Colonial Forest Law,the Japanese forcibly converted the land of the Atayal tribes into so-called""government-owned land""and gave the Governor General of Taiwan the absolute right to dispose of it.However,because the Atayal had a strong sense of defending their homeland,the Japanese met with strong resistance from the Northern Atayal people,including the Ncaq,during their developing camphor in the north.As a result,the Japanese side used strong force to force the Northern Atayal to"absolutely obey orders,"forcibly seized their land and drove them away from their homeland,and eventually reduced them to a situation of abject poverty.Additionally,the Taiwan Governorate passed regulations on the disposition of""government-owned land""and leased and sold the""cleaned-up"northern Atayal land to the Mitsui Consortium,which had considerable forestry experience and was well-endowed;meanwhile,the Mitsui was able to acquire the land at minimal or to no cost to itself through various measures and accumulated substantial wealth through the management of the land.Transferring the Ncaq's land to the Mitsui Consortium exemplifies the brutal colonization and plundering of Taiwan's ethnic minorities during the Japanese occupation.

关 键 词：殖民主义 泰雅人 大豹社 三井财团 "番地" 

分 类 号：K29[历史地理—历史学] K25[历史地理—中国史] F329[经济管理—产业经济]