全球科研人员流动规律与不同层次人才的差异化研究——基于Scopus百年论文数据的研究  

Research on the Characteristics of Global Talent Flow at Different Levels:Based on Paper Data of a Hundred-yearfrom Scopus

作　　者：陈凯华 杨一帆 陈光[3] 张汝昊 CHEN Kaihua;YANG Yifan;CHEN Guang;ZHANG Ruhao(Institutes of Science and Development,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;School of Public Policy and Management,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Academic Divisions of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;School of Economics and Management,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;National Science Library,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院,北京100190 [2]中国科学院大学公共政策与管理学院,北京100049 [3]中国科学院学部工作局,北京100049 [4]中国科学院大学经济与管理学院,北京100049 [5]中国科学院文献情报中心,北京京100190

出　　处：《科学学与科学技术管理》2023年第4期3-20,共18页Science of Science and Management of S.& T.

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(72102222);国家自然科学基金专项项目(L2124033);国家杰出青年科学基金项目(72025403)。

摘　　要：随着国际间科研人员流动的规模和复杂程度日益提高,其流动规律与演化特征已经成为各国政府和学者的关注重点,对不同层次人才的差异化分析是应对新一轮全球人才竞争中亟待研究的新领域。基于Scopus数据库(1),对科研人员发文数据中的作者信息进行挖掘处理以识别科研人员的国际流动,并采用多因素方差分析、社会网络分析等分析方法,对一百年(1920—2020年)内不同层次人才的流动趋势、特征与演化规律进行差异化研究。研究发现:(1)从流动强度上看,近百年不同层次科研人员的国际流动均呈现周期性变化,形成了四个持续时间呈递减趋势的流动周期(即1945年以前、1946—1976年、1977—1998年、1999年至今);(2)高层次人才的跨国流动规模与流动类型与学术年龄有关,随着学术年龄增大流动类型逐渐以回流型为主,且前沿学科领域之间流动特征差异较小;(3)不同层次人才的流动类型均以回流型为主,流动模式均逐渐从发达国家间的闭环式流动转向发达国家与发展中国家间的开放式流动;(4)我国人才流动规模在近二十年内飞速扩大,在流动总量及高层次人才流动规模上成为继美国之后的第二大国家。Under the current situation of global shortage of high-level talent resources and fierce competition of human capital,it has become an important topic to observe the flow of different levels talent and explore the factors affecting the flow of high-level talent.According to the characteristics of talent flow,some relevant studies divide talent flow into several types(such as skilled migration,return migrant,talent circulation and so on),and then analyze the impact of talent flow from various research perspectives.However,they treat international talent of different levels as the same,which makes it difficult to answer the important question of"how to attract high-level talent in the new round of global talent competition".And as a result of the limitation of available research data,existing researches are barely able to distinguish the level and flow type of talent and perform relevant analysis afterwards.Therefore,based on the flow data of scientific researchers among countries and regions in the world during the past 100 years(1920-2020)from Scopus database,the research firstly defines the talent as"academic research personnel"by adopting bibliometrics.Then the research considers the differences in academic ability of talent and divides them into four levels according to the number of papers published,and then analyzes the flow rules and evolution characteristics of different levels talent.To begin with,the research analyzes the characteristics of the overall trend of talent flow in order to grasp the macroscopic law.Then,according to the sequence characteristics of the addresses where researchers publish their articles,the flow types of researchers are divided into four types,including static type,migratory type,return migrant type and weak flow type.After that the research further divides talent into low,medium and high levels according to the quartile of researchers'paper number.At the same time,in consideration of the increasingly enlarged degree of recognition in different countries on the advanced high-le

关 键 词：国际人才流动 人才层次 流动规律 多因素方差分析 社会网络分析 

分 类 号：G31[文化科学]