企业创新激励政策加剧创新无效性吗?——来自企业生命周期视角下的经验证据  

Does Innovation Incentive Policies Intensify Enterprise'Innovation Inefficiency?Empirical Evidence from the Perspective of Life Cycle

作　　者：寇明婷 潘孝全 王红霞 李秋景 KOU Mingting;PAN Xiaoquan;WANG Hongxia;Li Qiujing(School of Economics&Management,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学经济管理学院,北京100083

出　　处：《科学学与科学技术管理》2023年第4期38-59,共22页Science of Science and Management of S.& T.

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(71804008,71903013,72274012);教育部人文社会科学规划基金项目(22YJA630037)。

摘　　要：已有文献较少从创新效率的无效性角度关注创新激励政策的作用。随着国家创新激励政策实施力度不断加大,强化政策实施精准性与有效性已成为提高企业创新系统整体效能的重要支点。基于中国A股上市公司面板数据,运用DEA两阶段模型从企业创新无效性的视角剖析典型创新激励政策——高新技术企业优惠税率政策对处于不同生命周期阶段的企业创新无效性的影响与作用机制。分组描述性统计结果显示,成熟期企业所受税收优惠、企业规模和员工人数都显著高于成长期和衰退期企业。回归结果表明,高新技术企业优惠税率政策显著加剧处于成长期、成熟期企业的研发投入冗余,从而加剧了企业创新的无效性,但是对处于衰退期的企业则无显著作用。进一步通过分组回归,检验创新激励政策对不同所有权性质、不同行业企业的异质性影响。结果显示,所有权性质方面,税收优惠政策对国有企业创新无效性无显著作用,而对资源相对匮乏的民营企业的影响更为明显;行业技术水平方面,相比高技术行业企业,税收优惠政策更易导致传统行业企业的创新无效性;行业类型方面,税收优惠政策显著加剧成长期的制造业企业与成熟期的非制造业企业创新无效性。Whether innovation incentive policies can promote the innovation and development of enterprises has been the focus of academic attention for a long time.However,less attention has been paid to the effectiveness of policies from the perspective of innovation inefficiency,especially under the background of China's transformation and development.With the increasing intensive implementation of national innovation incentive policies,strengthening the accuracy and effectiveness of policy implementation has become an important fulcrum to improve the overall efficiency of enterprise innovation system.In order to explore the heterogeneous impact of innovation incentive policies on enterprises at different stages of the life cycle,and enterprises with different ownership properties and industries from the perspective of innovation efficiency,this study takes the panel data of Chinese listed companies from year 2015 to 2020 as samples.The DEA two-stage model is used to analyze the impact and mechanism of a typical innovation incentive policy,preferential tax rate policy of high-tech enterprises,on innovation efficiency of enterprises at different life cycle stages from the perspective of enterpriseinnovationinefficiency.The first stage is the measurement of enterprise innovation efficiency.The traditional DEA model can only estimate the radial efficiency of enterprises,and cannot measure the input redundancy and output insufficiency.In contrast,the DEA-SBM model proposed by Tone considers the non-radial efficiency of enterprises and measures the innovation efficiency of enterprises by measuring the relaxation variables of input and output.Considering that the capitalized amount of patent output and R&D expense of most enterprises has zero value,this paper adopts input-oriented SBM model for calculation.The second stage is investigating the effect and mechanism of tax preferential policies.Considering that the score of enterprise innovation efficiency is between O and 1,this paper selects the panel Tobit model for regression

关 键 词：企业创新激励政策 创新效率 高新技术企业优惠税率 企业生命周期 

分 类 号：F207[经济管理—国民经济] F273.1