2012-2021年某医院医务人员血源性职业暴露调查分析  

Prevalence of bloodborne occupational exposures among health care workers in a hospital from 2012 to 2021

作　　者：黄慧敏 嵇小倩 李亚楠 杜力 孙瑞琪 贾丽丽 徐晓莉 HUANG Hui-min;JI Xiao-qian;LI Ya-nan;DU Li;SUN Rui-qi;JIA Li-li;XU Xiao-li(General Hospital of Easter Theater Command of PLA,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210002,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]东部战区总医院疾病预防控制科,江苏南京210002 [2]东部战区总医院科研训练科,江苏南京210002 [3]东部战区总医院儿科,江苏南京210002 [4]东南大学公共卫生学院,江苏南京210000 [5]联勤保障部队第九〇〇医院院部,福建福州350025

出　　处：《中华医院感染学杂志》2023年第10期1569-1573,共5页Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology

基　　金：军队后勤科研面上项目(CLB19L026、BLB20R015);全军后勤科研计划面上基金资助项目(CNJ14L004);军队医药卫生成果扩试项目(19WKS04)。

摘　　要：目的分析医务人员血源性职业暴露现况,为降低发生风险提出具有一定价值的参考依据。方法对2012年12月-2021年12月南京某军队医院上报的144名血源性职业暴露医务人员进行问卷调查,问卷内容设置基本信息和职业暴露情况两个部分,基本信息主要包括性别、年龄、受教育水平、人员类别等,职业暴露情况涉及职业培训、暴露场所、种类、致伤物、时机、程度及暴露后的预防处置等条目。结果发生血源性职业暴露的医务人员以女性为主,年龄主要分布在20~30岁,工作年限1年以内,且以护理系列为主;发生科室以外科系统为主,职业暴露发生场所集中在普通病房;通常血源性职业暴露以发生锐器伤为主要事件,涉及的器具以头皮针居多,其次是静脉留置针和手术缝针,受伤程度以轻症为主;暴露源以乙型病毒肝炎居多。结论医院应结合实际情况,组织医务人员进行相关防护培训,规范操作流程,提高防护行为和工作熟练程度,并细化、完善职业防护措施体系。OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence of bloodborne occupational exposures among health care workers so as to provide valuable basis for reducing the risk of the exposures.METHODS A questionnaire survey was conducted for 144 health care workers who reported for bloodborne occupational exposures in a military hospital of Nanjing from Dec 2012 to Dec 2021,the content of questionnaire included basic information and status of occupational exposure,the basic information mainly included gender,age,education level and personnel category;the status of occupational exposures covered occupational training,exposure stie,type,instruments causing injuries,timing,degree and treatment measures after exposure.RESULTS The female subjects were dominant among the health care workers with bloodborne occupational exposures,the age of the health care workers mainly ranged between 20 and 30 years old,the health care workers who had les than 1 year of working experience and were engaged in nursing were dominant.The surgery departments were the predominant departments where the exposures occurred,the common wards were the major sites of occupational exposures.The sharp instrument injury was usually the major event for the bloodborne occupational exposures,the scalp needle was dominant among the instruments,followed by the intravenous indwelling needle and surgical suture needle.The mild injury was dominant among the various degree of injuries.The hepatitis B was the predominant exposure source.CONCLUSION It is necessary for the hospital to carry out the related protection training for health care workers based on the actual situation,standardize the operation procedures,improve the protection behavior and working proficiency,and specify and complete the protection system.

关 键 词：医院感染 医务人员 血源性感染 职业暴露 调查 

分 类 号：R197.323[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]