政府数据开放的立法进路--基于35部地方立法文本的考察  

The Legislative Approach of Government Data Opening:Based on the Investigation of 35 Local Legislative Texts

作　　者：廖嘉林 Liao Jialin

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学法学院,北京100081

出　　处：《南海法学》2023年第2期78-92,共15页The South China Sea Law Journal

摘　　要：随着大数据深入发展,政府数据日益成为重要战略资源。学界对推进国家层面政府数据开放立法已有共识,但就立法模式的进路争议不断。政府数据开放立法的权利基础由政府公共服务属性和公民“公共数据权”相嵌而成,决定了相异于政府信息公开的立法路径。35部地方立法文本于篇章结构和条文内容等方面积累了立法文本资源,同时也难掩地方立法差异化明显、政府数据所有权属性界定不明、立法依据混淆等缺漏。地方立法分散化积弊成为政府数据进一步开放的桎梏,地方囿于自身立法权限,已然无法应对当前窘境。制定政府数据开放行政法规具有合乎行政法规范的逻辑理性,或为良法善治之进路。应汲取地方立法有益因素和域外有益经验,从科学明晰政府数据权属、坚持鲜明公共价值导向、缜密建构法规篇章体例、筑牢政府数据开放安全底线、合理实施相关配套政策等五维价值进行考量,推动《政府数据开放条例》建构方案最优化。With the in-depth development of big data,government data has increasingly become an important strategic resource.There is a consensus among academics on promoting open government data legislation at the national level,but there is a continuous controversy on the way forward of the legislative model.The right basis of government data openness legislation is nested by the government's public service attributes and citizens'"public data rights",which determines the legislative path different from that of government information disclosure.The 35 local legislative texts have accumulated legal and regulatory resources in terms of chapter structure and article content,but at the same time,it is difficult to conceal the obvious differentiation of local legislation,the unclear definition of government data ownership attributes,and the unclear confusion of legislative basis and other shortcomings.The decentralized local legislation has become a shackle for further opening of government data,and localities are unable to cope with the current dilemma due to their own legislative authority.The development of administrative regulations on government data opening is logical and rational in accordance with administrative law norms,and may be the way forward for good law and good governance.We should draw on the beneficial factors of local legislation and overseas experience,and consider the five-dimensional values of scientific clarity of government data ownership,distinctive public value orientation,meticulous construction of regulations and chapters,secure bottom line of government data openness and reasonable implementation of relevant supporting policies,so as to promote the optimization of the construction plan of the Open Government Data Regulations.

关 键 词：政府数据开放 地方立法文本 立法进路 行政法规 

分 类 号：D922.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] D922.1[政治法律—法学]