林下种植3种药材对土壤理化性质和养分的影响  

Effects of Planting Three Kinds of Medicinal Materials under the Forest on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Nutrients

作　　者：杨开太[1] 韩小美 梁燕芳 刘军 陈宝玲[1] 陈尔[1] 杜铃[1] 毛纯 YANG Kai-tai;HAN Xiao-mei;LIANG Yan-fang(Guangxi Forestry Research Institute,Nanning,Guangxi 530002;Guangxi University,Nanning,Guangxi 530005;Guangxi State-owned Qipo Forest Farm,Nanning,Guangxi 530219)

机构地区：[1]广西林业科学研究院,广西南宁530002 [2]广西大学,广西南宁530005 [3]广西壮族自治区国有七坡林场,广西南宁530219

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2023年第9期83-86,共4页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广西重点研发计划项目“广西林下经济特色种质资源收集保存与生态高效栽培及利用研究”(桂科AB21238014)。

摘　　要：[目的]探究林下生态高效栽培3种药材对土壤理化性质和养分的影响。[方法]在加勒比松林下种植百部、砂仁和天冬,在种植时、种植后180 d和种植后360 d取样进行土壤pH和营养元素检测。[结果]3种药材种植后对土壤pH的影响小;有机质、全氮和速效钾的含量先增大后减小,但百部种植下的土壤全氮含量呈缓慢升高;硝态氮和有效磷含量逐渐增加;全磷和全钾逐渐减少,但天冬在种植后360 d土壤全钾含量有所升高;铵态氮含量先减少后升高。[结论]在林下种植百部、砂仁和天冬,应根据不同作物实行不同的施肥方案,在松树-百部的种植模式下,种植前期宜多施氮、磷、钾肥料,随着种植时间的增加,可以减少氮肥的施用量;在松树-砂仁的种植模式下,种植前期可以适量少施氮肥和磷肥,适当施用钾肥,在种植后期应多施氮肥、磷肥和钾肥;在松林-天冬的种植模式下,在种植前后期应多施磷、钾等肥料,施用少量氮肥,种植后期增加氮、磷肥的施用,适当施用钾肥。[Objective]To explore the effects of ecological and efficient cultivation of three medicinal materials under the forest on soil physicochemical properties and nutrients.[Method]Stemona japonica,Amomum villosum and Asparagus cochinchinensis were planted under the Pinus caribaea Morelet forest.Soil samples were taken during planting,6 months and 12 months after planting to detect soil pH and nutrient elements.[Result]The results showed that the three herbs had little effect on soil pH after planting;The contents of organic matter,total nitrogen and available potassium increased first and then decreased after planting,but the content of soil total nitrogen increased slowly under Stemona japonica planting;The content of NO 3-N and available phosphorus increased gradually;Total phosphorus and total potassium decreased gradually,but the content of total potassium in soil increased from 6 months after planting Asparagus cochinchinensis;The content of ammonium nitrogen decreased first and then increased.[Conclusion]When planting Stemona japonica,Amomum villosum and Asparagus cochinchinensis under the forest,different fertilization schemes should be implemented according to different crops.Under the planting mode of pine Stemona japonica,it is appropriate to apply more nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in the early stage of planting.With the increase of planting time,the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer can be reduced;Under the planting mode of pine and Amomum villosum,an appropriate amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer can be applied less and potassium fertilizer can be applied appropriately in the early stage of planting,and more nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied in the late stage of planting;Under the planting mode of pine and Asparagus cochinchinensis,more phosphorus,potassium and other fertilizers should be applied before and after planting,and a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be applied.In the later stage of planting,the application of nitrogen and

关 键 词：林下种植 生态高效栽培 土壤性质 营养元素 

分 类 号：S714[农业科学—林学]