风载作用下双门式起重机风力特性研究  

Wind characteristics research of two gantry crane under wind load

作　　者：黄傑 何伟[1] 郑义飞 麻航飞 HUANG Jie;HE Wei;ZHENG Yi-fei;MA Hang-fei(School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Kunming University of Technology,Kunming 650093,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学机电工程学院,云南昆明650093

出　　处：《机电工程》2023年第5期757-763,772,共8页Journal of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51168020);云南省应用基础研究计划项目(2013FZ024)。

摘　　要：近年来,由大风引发的门式起重机事故时有发生,因此,研究门机风载荷有着现实的工程意义。针对两台门式起重机的风力特性问题,采用了计算流体力学方法对两台门式起重机相关特性进行了仿真研究。首先,采用Pro/E软件建立了门机的三维模型,采用ANSYS软件建立了门机的外流场,并对计算域进行了网格划分与无关性验证;然后,利用Fluent软件对单台门机进行了数值模拟,研究了单台门机在不同风向角下的气动力系数,并对比分析了《起重机设计规范》风载荷与仿真风载荷的差异;最后,只考虑门机来流方向的风载荷影响,进行了两台门机的数值模拟分析,研究了风向角与双门机间距S对门机的阻力系数、门机挡风折减系数、速度变化云图、门机压力分布的影响规律等。研究结果表明:门机所受风载荷最大值出现在45°风向;在90°风向下,双门机间距S=15 m时挡风效果最好,约有52%的风力折减;双门机的临界间距S=35 m,当S>35 m时,双门机间风力屏蔽效果被削弱直至消失;门机主梁迎风面最大压力靠近主梁两端。In recent years,accidents of gantry cranes caused by strong winds have occurred from time to time.Therefore,it is of practical engineering significance to study the wind load of gantry cranes.Aiming at the two gantry cranes wind load characteristics,the computational fluid dynamics(CFD)method was adopted to carry out simulation research on two gantry cranes.Firstly,the Pro/E software was used to establish a three-dimensional model of the gantry crane;the ANSYS software was used to establish the outflow field of the crane;the grid division and grid independence of the computational domain were carried out by ANSYS.Then,the numerical simulation of a single gantry crane was carried out by Fluent software to analyze the aerodynamic coefficients of a single gantry crane under different wind direction angles.At the same time,the difference between the wind load in Design Rules for Cranes and the simulation was compared.Finally,considering only the influence of inflow wind load,the numerical simulation of two gantry cranes was carried out.Meanwhile,the influence of wind direction angles and two gantry cranes spacing S to the drag coefficient,the wind reduction factor of gantry crane,the velocity change cloud diagram and the pressure distribution of gantry crane were studied.The results show that the maximum wind load on the gantry crane appears in the 45°wind direction.In 90°wind direction,the wind proof effect is the best with about 52%wind reduction when the distance between the two gantry cranes S=15 m.Critical spacing of two gantry cranes S=35 m.When S>35 m,two gantry cranes shielding effect is weakened until it disappears.The maximum pressure on headwind of main girder of gantry crane is close to the both ends of the girder.

关 键 词：龙门式起重机 风向角 门机间距 阻力系数 挡风折减系数 速度变化云图 压力分布 数值模拟 

分 类 号：TH213.5[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]