基于输气管道泄漏声发射信号特征的小波基构造研究  

Research on wavelet basis construction based on the characteristics of acoustic emission signals in gas pipe leakage

作　　者：高琳[1,2] 曹建国[1,3] GAO Lin;CAO Jianguo(School of Mechanical Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;School of Mechanical Engineering,Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology,Baotou 014010,China;Institute of Artificial Intelligence,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学机械工程学院,北京100083 [2]内蒙古科技大学机械工程学院,内蒙古包头014010 [3]北京科技大学人工智能研究院,北京100083

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2023年第10期128-135,共8页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：内蒙古自然科学基金(2021LHMS05027)。

摘　　要：小波分析是目前管道泄漏检测中应用极为广泛的降噪方法,但使用的均为通用小波基函数,不能有效匹配具体的管道泄漏声发射信号,从而降低了降噪效果。针对该问题,通过数学解析模型计算得到管道泄漏声发射仿真信号,再以此信号为基础,构造出了适合管道泄漏特征的小波基函数。利用构造的小波基对试验泄漏信号进行降噪并做互相关计算,结果表明,当小波消失矩为3或4、滤波器支撑长度为8时的泄漏定位误差最小,仅为3.62%。将此构造小波基与通用小波基系列分别对试验泄漏信号进行降噪并做互相关计算,结果表明,采用构造小波基时的泄漏定位误差是最小的。这说明该小波基符合管道泄漏声发射信号的基本特征,从而可以更有效地抑制噪声,降低管道泄漏定位的误差。As a noise reduction method,wavelet analysis is universally applied in test of pipe leakage.But the wavelet basis functions used are almost general ones which can't effectively match specific acoustic emission signals of pipe leakage,thereby lowering effects of noise reducing.Aiming at this problem,analogue acoustic emission signals were firstly obtained theoretically by calculation through mathematical analytical model.Then based on the analogue signals,wavelet basis suited to the character of pipe leakage was constructed.Utilizing constructed wavelet to reduce the noises of experiment signals and then through cross correlation calculation,the results show that the wavelet basis with vanish moment 3 or 4 and filter support length 8 minimizes the error of leakage localization,only 3.62%.The experimental leakage signals are denoised and cross-correlated by using the constructed wavelet basis and the universal wavelet basis.The leakage location error is minimum when using the constructed wavelet basis.It means that the constructed wavelet basis conforms to the basic characteristics of acoustic emission signals in pipe leakage,thereby can more effectively suppress noise and reduce the location error of pipe leakage.

关 键 词：管道 泄漏 声发射 小波基 

分 类 号：TE973.6[石油与天然气工程—石油机械设备]