职业运动员治理的域外引鉴与本土启示  

Foreign Experience and Local Enlightenment of Professional Athlete Governance

作　　者：鲍善军 吴小圆[3] 王海峰 岳建军 BAO Shanjun;WU Xiaoyuan;WANG Haifeng(School of P.E.,Anhui Normal Univ.,Wuhu 241002,China;School of Sports Training,Wuhan Sports Univ.,Wuhan 430079,China;School of P.E.,Shanghai Univ.of Sport,Shanghai 200438,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学体育学院,安徽芜湖241002 [2]武汉体育学院运动训练学院,湖北武汉430079 [3]上海体育学院体育教育学院,上海200438 [4]西北农林科技大学体育部,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《武汉体育学院学报》2023年第5期80-87,共8页Journal of Wuhan Sports University

基　　金：教育部人文社科基金青年项目(17XJC890002);国家社会科学基金项目(22BTY049)。

摘　　要：运用文献资料、专家访谈等方法,从制度层面探寻美国职业运动员的治理特征,为我国提升职业运动员治理水平、推进职业体育改革提供经验启示。美国职业运动员的体制制度治理特征,体现在形成“政府+委员会(联盟)+社会”的橄榄型协同治理结构,构建利益相关者的社会化共治机制,依托法律法规、行业组织制度与社会诚信体系的制约。而具体制度治理的特征表现在以严格的国家法律与行业制度保障运动员的权益不受侵犯、以全面的评估手段保护运动员身体不受伤害、以严厉的反兴奋剂举措和组织行规治理运动员违规违纪与失范行为。借鉴域外治理经验,提出我国推进职业运动员治理应遵循的路径:第一,完善多元主体参与的运动员治理协同机制,助力整体化治理;第二,健全运动员权益保障、身体评估、违规处罚等管理制度体系,助力法治化治理;第三,规制职业运动员的失信与失德行为,助力道德化治理。Through literature study and expert interview,this paper explored into the characteristics of the professional athlete governance in the U.S from the institutional level so as to shed enlightenments for China to improve the governance level and to promote the reform of the professional sports.The institutional governance of the American professional athletes was reflected in an olive-type collaborative governance structure of the government plus committee(league)plus society,and in the construction of a socialized co-governance mechanism for the stakeholders,the restriction of the laws and regulations,industry organization system and social credit system.The characteristics of the specific institutional governance were manifested in the protection of the athletes’rights and interests from infringement with strict national laws and industry systems,in the protection of athletes’bodies from injury with comprehensive assessment methods,and the governance of the athletes’violations and misconducts with strict anti-doping measures and organizational rules.Based on the experience of the governance of the foreign countries,this paper put forward countermeasure such as improve the cooperative mechanism of the athlete governance with multi-subject participation,improving the management system of the athletes’rights and interest protection,physical assessment,violation punishment,regulating the dishonesty and demoralization of the professional athletes etc.

关 键 词：体育管理学 运动员 职业体育 制度治理 

分 类 号：G80-05[文化科学—运动人体科学]