陕西牛背梁国家级自然保护区扭角羚冬季栖息地特征及范围动态变化  

Winter Habitat Characteristics and Range Dynamics of Budorcas taxicolor in Niubeiliang National Nature Reserve of Shaanxi Province

作　　者：郭东玲 邵建斌 张耀红 GUO Dong-ling;SHAO Jian-bin;ZHANG Yao-hong(Shaanxi Niubeiliang National Nature Reserve Administration,Xi'an,Shaanxi 710100)

机构地区：[1]陕西牛背梁国家级自然保护区管理局,西安710100

出　　处：《陕西林业科技》2023年第1期93-97,共5页Shaanxi Forest Science and Technology

摘　　要：陕西牛背梁国家级自然保护区是秦岭东段生物多样性最为丰富的地区,也是扭角羚秦岭亚种B.t.bedfordi的模式产地和秦岭东部集中分布区。为全面准确掌握愈加明显的全球气候变化背景下,陕西牛背梁保护区管护区内扭角羚冬季栖息地是否变化、变化原因并针对性提出保护建议。2018-2019年采用样线调查法与结合红外相机定位监测相结合的方法,收集扭角羚种群冬春季实体、痕迹分布数据,对牛背梁保护区扭角羚冬栖地进行了调查,判定其冬栖地面积、分布变化,及其与海拔、距水源距离、隐蔽度生态因子的关系,结果表明:牛背梁地区总共有6块扭角羚冬栖地,数量与2005-2007年调查结果相同,总面积减少7.76 km^(2),降幅20.0%;扭角羚在不同生态因子各等级的出现频次差别较大,冬季主要栖息分布于秦岭主脊以南中山地带(海拔1 500~2 000 m)、距离水源较近(≤50 m)、隐蔽度高、无人为干扰或干扰强度弱的针阔叶混交林中;多活动于山坡的坡肩处,坡度相对较缓(≤10°)的半阴半阳坡;扭角羚冬季对栖息地类型、人为干扰强度、坡度等生态因子的选择存在明显差异,与其对食物及采暖的需求密切相关。从3次调查结果看,扭角羚冬栖地仍沿秦岭主脊南坡,呈斑块状、非连续性散列;栖息地的破碎化程度依然未能减轻。Niubeiliang National Nature Reserve in Shaanxi Province is the most biodiversity rich area in the eastern Qinling Mountains.It is also the model producing area of the Qinling subspecies Budorcas taxicolor,B.T.Befordi,and the concentrated distribution area in the eastern Qinling Mountains.In order to fully and accurately understand the change of winter habitat of Budorcas taxicolor in Niubeiliang area,Shaanxi Province,under the background of increasingly obvious global climate change,and the reasons behind the change,a comprehensive investigation was conducted from 2018 to 2019.The data of physical and trace distribution of Budorcas taxicolor population in winter and spring were collected by the method of line transmutation survey combined with infrared camera positioning and monitoring.The winter habitat of Budorcas taxicolor in Niubeiliang was investigated to determine its winter habitat area and distribution changes,as well as its relationship with the ecological factors such as altitude,distance from water source and hiding degree.The results showed as follows:there were a total of 6 habitat areas,the number of which was the same as the survey results from 2005 to 2007,and the total area decreased by 7.76 km^(2)(20.0%).The occurrence frequency of Budorcas taxicolor varied greatly in different ecological factors.In winter,Budorcas taxicolor mainly resided in mixed conifer and broad-leaf forests with high hiddenness,no human disturbance or weak disturbance intensity,in the middle mountain zone(elevation 1500~2000 m)south of the main ridge of the Qinling Mountains,close to the water source(≤50 m).They are more active on the shoulder of the hillside,and the relatively slow slope(≤10°).In winter,there are obvious differences in the selection of ecological factors such as habitat type,human disturbance intensity and slope,which are closely related to the demand for food and heating.According to the results of the three surveys,the habitat of Budorcas taxicolor is still distributed along the southern slope of th

关 键 词：牛背梁自然保护区 扭角羚 冬季栖息地 范围 

分 类 号：S759.9[农业科学—森林经理学]