不同施氮量对设施茄子产量、品质及养分积累的影响  

Effects of different nitrogen application rates on the yield,quality and nutrient accumulation of greenhouse eggplant

作　　者：王泽鹏 梁志国 刘胜尧[2] 贾宋楠[2] 范凤翠[2] 张哲[2] 杜凤焕 秦勇[1] WANG Zepeng;LIANG Zhiguo;LIU Shengyao;JIA Songnan;FAN Fengcui;ZHANG Zhe;DU Fenghuan;QIN Yong(College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Institute of Agricultural Information and Economics,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050051,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学园艺学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]河北省农林科学院农业信息与经济研究所,石家庄050051

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2023年第4期951-957,共7页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：河北省农业高质量发展关键共性技术攻关专项“区域特色果菜作物管理模型构建与智能化关键技术应用与示范”(19227407D);河北省农业节水科技创新专项“城郊设施蔬菜节水增效技术集成与示范”(21326904D);河北省国际科技合作基地建设专项(19396433D);河北省现代农业产业技术体系蔬菜创新团队(HBCT2018030205)

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同氮肥用量对日光温室茄子产量、品质以及养分积累的影响,为设施茄子精准施肥提供理论依据。【方法】以茄子品种茄杂2号作为材料,采用田间小区试验,设置4个施氮处理,以不施肥处理作为对照,测定不同施氮处理下茄子的产量、营养品质、干物质积累量以及养分积累量。【结果】茄子产量随着氮肥用量的增加呈现先增加后降低的趋势,适量的施氮量有助于提高茄子产量;试验F_(3)处理产量最高,为62839 kg/hm^(2),比不施肥处理高36.05%。各施氮处理中,可溶性固形物、可溶性糖以及可溶性蛋白的含量均随着氮肥用量的增加呈现先增加后降低的趋势,并且均以F_(3)处理最高,分别为1.83%、52.59 mg/g、1.8 mg/g。VC含量是F_(4)处理最高,为7.44 mg/100g。各施氮处理的硝酸盐含量随施氮量的减少而降低,F_(5)处理最低,为654.56 mg/kg。茄子植株氮素、磷素、钾素的积累量均随着氮肥用量的增加呈现先增加后降低的趋势,均以F_(3)处理最高,分别为232.67、34.32和304.99 kg/hm^(2)。【结论】合理氮肥用量不仅可以显著提高茄子产量,改善果实的营养品质,还可以增加植株的养分积累量。F_(3)处理(茄子苗期氮108 kg/hm^(2)、磷49.2 kg/hm^(2)、钾169.9 kg/hm^(2),结果期氮421.5 kg/hm^(2)、磷174.9 kg/hm^(2)、钾519.4 kg/hm^(2))是日光温室茄子适宜的施肥量,产量高且品质好,植株养分积累多。【Objective】To study the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer rates on the yield,quality and nutrient accumulation of eggplant in greenhouses.【Methods】In this experiment,the eggplant variety Qieza 2 was used as the test object,and a field trial was used.Four nitrogen treatments were set up,and no fertilizer treatment was used as a control to determine the yield,nutritional quality and dry matter accumulation of eggplant under different nitrogen treatments in the hope of providng a theoretical basis for precise fertilization of eggplant in facility.【Results】The yield of eggplant showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer rate.Appropriate amount of nitrogen was helpful to increase eggplant yield;the F_(3) treatment in this experiment had the highest yield,which was 62,839 kg/hm^(2),36.05%higher than the treatment without fertilization.In each nitrogen application treatment,the contents of soluble solids,soluble sugars and soluble proteins all showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of the amount of nitrogen fertilizer,and the F_(3) treatment’s contents were the highest,respectively 1.83%,52.59 mg/g and 1.8 mg/g.Vitamin C content was the highest in F_(4) treatment,which was 7.44 mg/100g.The nitrate content of each nitrogen application treatment decreased with the decrease of nitrogen application rate,and the F_(5) treatment’s was the lowest,which was 654.56 mg/kg.The accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium of eggplant plants showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application,and the F_(3) treatment’s were the highest,which were 232.67 kg/hm^(2),34.32 kg/hm^(2),and 304.99 kg/hm^(2),respectively.【Conclusion】A scientific and reasonable amount of nitrogen fertilizer can not only significantly increase the yield of eggplant and improve the nutritional quality of the fruit,but also increase the nutrient accumulation of the plant.Under the experime

关 键 词：茄子 施氮量 产量 品质 养分积累 

分 类 号：S641.1[农业科学—蔬菜学]