铸造、快凝及增材耐热铝合金的研究进展  

Research progress of casting,rapid solidified and additive manufactured heat resistant aluminum alloy

作　　者：毕江[1] 刘雷 张东生 王海翔 郑秋丽 董国疆[1] BI Jiang;LIU Lei;ZHANG Dong-sheng;WANG Hai-xiang;ZHENG Qiu-li;DONG Guo-jiang(Key Laboratory of Advanced Forging&Stamping Technology and Science,Ministry of Education,Yanshan University,Qinhuangdao 066004,China;Hebei Key Laboratory of Special Delivery Equipment,Yanshan University,Qinhuangdao 066004,China;Aviation Ammunition Institute,NORINCO Group,Harbin 150030,China)

机构地区：[1]燕山大学先进锻压成形技术与科学教育部重点实验室,秦皇岛066004 [2]燕山大学河北省特种运载装备重点实验室,秦皇岛066004 [3]中国兵器工业集团航空弹药研究院有限公司,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《中国有色金属学报》2023年第4期969-996,共28页The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals

基　　金：河北省自然科学基金资助项目(E2021203138)。

摘　　要：近年来,航空航天领域对300~500℃中温区间具有优异高温抗氧化、抗蠕变能力的轻质耐热铝合金材料需求愈加旺盛。然而,铝合金的高温软化问题一直是制约中温区间零件结构设计和服役安全的关键短板。要克服该短板,应针对不同应用场景的综合需求(性能、成本、效率),考虑不同制备工艺的特性。采用外加或合金化原位自生的方式使得不同体系合金基体内均匀分布数量足够多的热稳定纳米相,以此钉扎晶界并抑制晶界运动和位错滑移。本文从铸造、快速凝固、增材制造三方面归纳了耐热铝合金的研究进展和应用,并详细分析不同体系耐热铝合金组织性能的调控手段,总结耐热铝合金研究的最新成果,最后对耐热铝合金未来的研究方向进行了展望。In recent years,the demand for lightweight heat-resistant aluminum alloy with excellent high temperature oxidation resistance and creep resistance in the medium temperature range of 300−500℃ has become more and more exuberant in the aerospace field.However,the high temperature softening problem of aluminum alloy has always been restricting the structural design and service safety of parts in the middle temperature range.To overcome this shortcoming,the characteristics of different preparation processes should be considered according to the comprehensive requirements(performance,cost,efficiency)of different application scenarios.A sufficient number of thermally stable nano-phases should be uniformly distributed in the alloy matrix by adding or alloying in-situ self-generation for different system alloys,so as to pin the grain boundary and inhibit the grain boundary movement and dislocation slip.In this paper,the research progress and application of heat-resistant aluminum alloys were summarized from three aspects of casting,rapid solidification and additive manufacturing.The control methods of microstructure and properties of heat-resistant aluminum alloys with different systems were analyzed,and the latest research results of heat-resistant aluminum alloys were summarized.At last,the future research direction of heat-resistant aluminum alloys was prospected.

关 键 词：耐热铝合金 制备工艺 成分优化 组织调控 使役性能 

分 类 号：TG146.2[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]