财政支农、人力资本与城乡居民收入差距  

Financial Support for Agriculture,Human Capital and Income Gap between Urban and Rural Residents

作　　者：王文波 WANG Wen-bo

机构地区：[1]深圳大学中国经济特区研究中心,广东深圳518061

出　　处：《中国地质大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第3期109-125,共17页Journal of China University of Geosciences(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“新形势下城乡资源要素自由流动对我国农业全要素生产率的影响研究”(22AJY004);中国博士后科学基金面上项目“经济新常态下房地产企业风险监测预警与防控策略研究”(2022M72219)。

摘　　要：缩小收入差距与不平等是实现共同富裕的重要环节,基于中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)2010—2016年数据和中国家庭收入调查(CHIP)2002—2013年数据,本文从理论和实证两方面考察了财政支农支出对城乡居民收入差距的影响,并着重考察了人力资本积累在其中的重要作用。研究表明,财政支农支出显著减小了城乡居民收入差距,且该影响存在动态性,有利于从长期促进城乡居民收入差距的减小。人力资本积累是财政支农支出影响城乡居民收入差距的重要机制,财政支农支出可以通过促进农村家庭人力资本积累,进而减小其与城市居民的收入差距。从不同财政支农支出类型看,农业支出对家庭人力资本积累和城乡居民收入差距的影响更大,其次为林业支出和农林水利气象支出。财政支农支出对女性户主家庭和干部家庭人力资本积累和减小其与城市居民收入差距具有更显著影响。相比中西部地区,财政支农支出对东部地区家庭人力资本积累和减小收入差距的影响更大。精准扶贫战略作为近年来帮扶农村增收减贫的重要方略,其实施也有效促进了财政支农支出在减小城乡居民收入差距中的作用。Reducing income gap and inequality is an important link to achieve common prosperity.Based on the Chinese Family Panel Studies Data(CFPS)from 2010 to 2016 and the data of China Household Income Survey(CHIP)from 2002 to 2013,this paper examines the impact of financial expenditure for agriculture on the income gap between urban and rural residents from both theoretical and empirical aspects,with focus on the important role of human capital accumulation in it.The research shows that the financial expenditure for agriculture has significantly reduced the income gap between urban and rural residents,and the impact is dynamic,which is conducive to the reduction of the income gap in the long run.The accumulation of human capital is an important mechanism for fiscal expenditure on supporting agriculture to affect the income gap.The financial expenditure for agriculture can reduce the income gap by promoting the accumulation of human capital in rural households.The agricultural expenditure has a greater impact on the accumulation of human capital of rural households and the income gap between urban and rural residents,followed by forestry expenditure and agricultural,forestry,water conservancy and meteorological expenditure.It has a more significant impact on the accumulation of human capital and the reduction of the income gap between urban residents and those of female-headed households and cadre households.Compared with the central and western regions,the financial expenditure for agriculture has a greater impact on the accumulation of human capital and the reduction of income gap of families in the eastern region.As an important strategy to help rural income increase and poverty reduction in recent years,the implementation of the targeted poverty reduction strategy has also effectively promoted the role of financial expenditure for agriculture in reducing the income gap between urban and rural residents.

关 键 词：城乡居民收入差距 财政支农支出 人力资本 共同富裕 

分 类 号：F126[经济管理—世界经济]