共建“一带一路”十周年与中国特色外交创新  

The First Decade of the Belt and Road Initiative and China’s Diplomatic Innovation

作　　者：刘乐 Liu Le

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院亚太与全球战略研究院,北京100007

出　　处：《国际论坛》2023年第3期3-21,155,共20页International Forum

基　　金：中国社会科学院创新工程重大科研规划项目“‘一带一路’建设若干重大问题研究”(项目编号:2019ZDGH009)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：“一带一路”是中国外交的重要创新。十年来,“一带一路”建设积极稳步推进并不断深化拓展。在此过程中,中国进行了一系列的外交理论和实践创新,发挥了首倡、推动和引领的重要作用。具体来说,中国外交所开展的理念创新主要包括共商共建共享的合作原则、相互对接的合作思路、互联互通的合作主线、正确义利观的合作伦理、命运共同体的合作愿景;中国外交所开展的机制创新主要包括“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛、第三方市场合作、“国际组织+”。在本质上,包容性建构是中国外交在“一带一路”建设过程中所做的创新的核心特征与根本价值,具体体现为“一带一路”合作设想的世界性、合作内容的亲缘性、合作对象的开放性、合作议题的延展性、合作设计的交互性、合作安排的兼容性等多重内涵,而这也反映出中国传统政治哲学中一体思想、无外思想与协和思想的现代转换。与此同时,中国外交对于“一带一路”的包容性建构还面临着包容成本、不对等包容和包容悖论三重挑战。对此,可从循序逐步包容、促使双向包容和塑造包容规范三个方面予以应对。The Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)is an important innovation of Chinese diplomacy.In the past decade,the BRI has been actively and steadily promoted and continuously expanded.In this process,China has made a series of innovations in diplomatic theory and practice,playing the role of an initiator,promoter and leader.Specifically,the ideational innovations include the principle of cooperation featuring extensive consultation,joint contribution and shared benefits,a coordination-based approach to cooperation,connectivity as the main focus of cooperative projects,the ethical code of striking the right balance between justice and interests,and the cooperative vision of a community with a shared future.The institutional innovations refer to the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation,the third-party market cooperation mechanism,and cooperation between international institutions and the BRI.In essence,the core feature and fundamental value of these innovations is constructive inclusiveness,which is embodied by the cosmopolitan vision,the relatedness of the cooperation projects,openness of partner eligibility,the extendibility of the cooperation issues,the interactivity of the cooperation mechanisms,and the compatibility of cooperation approaches.This also reflects the modern transformation of the ideas of oneness,inclusiveness and harmony that are rooted in traditional Chinese political philosophy.At the same time,Chinese diplomacy faces the triple challenges of inclusion costs,asymmetric inclusion and inclusion paradoxes.These challenges can be tackled in three ways:adopting incremental inclusion,promoting two-way inclusion and shaping inclusive norms.

关 键 词：“一带一路” 中国外交 外交创新 外交哲学 包容性建构 

分 类 号：D51[政治法律—政治学]