《生物多样性公约》下海洋生物多样性保护的进展、挑战和展望  

Convention on Biological Diversity:The current status,ongoing challenges,and future prospects of marine biodiversity conservation

作　　者：耿宜佳 李子圆 田瑜[1] Yijia Geng;Ziyuan Li;Yu Tian(State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Eco-process and Function Assessment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院国家环境保护区域生态过程与功能评估重点实验室,北京100012

出　　处：《生物多样性》2023年第4期12-20,共9页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：生态环境部举办《生物多样性公约》第十五次缔约方大会项目(221104010070001)。

摘　　要：海洋生物多样性保护是《生物多样性公约》的重要领域。本文梳理了海洋生物多样性保护相关议题的发展脉络,分析了保护形势的变化,认为海洋生物多样性保护无论是在工作领域还是在战略目标方面都取得了较大发展。工作领域方面,从最初仅关注海洋生物多样性的现状,逐渐拓展到识别海洋生物多样性的威胁因素,以及探讨解决这些威胁因素的工具和方法上。战略目标方面,从保护10%的海洋目标提升到至少保护30%的海洋区域。特别是将国家管辖范围以外区域海洋生物多样性这一热点问题也纳入到议题的讨论范畴。结合科学研究文献和国际进程评估报告对相关议题进展进行了评估,认为在工作领域上,目前海洋生物多样性保护相关议题更侧重减少海洋生物多样性威胁,在工具和方法上较为欠缺。在战略目标上,不仅要实现30%的数量目标,还需要考虑科学地保护规划和利用。在处理国家管辖范围以外区域海洋生物多样性问题上,需要明确《生物多样性公约》的作用。通过对议题的梳理和评估,识别出目前海洋生物多样性保护面临的主要挑战,包括:(1)各国政府及利益攸关方政治意愿和行动力不强;(2)全球海洋受保护区域面积不足,保护成效较低;(3)资金来源不够;(4)海洋生物多样性保护方面的合作不足。基于此,建议未来在开展海洋生物多样性保护工作时考虑加强海洋保护政策的制定;增加海洋保护区面积,提高保护成效;强化资源调动和能力建设;并加强与其他国际组织、多边协定之间的合作。Aims:Marine biodiversity conservation has been an ongoing and important topic of focus at the Convention on Biological Diversity.The developmental context of issues along with changes in the conservation situation were discussed and analyzed,with the aim to identify the challenges facing marine biodiversity conservation.Based on these discussions,recommendations for future efforts will be provided.Review Results:Based on review of scientific literature and application of international assessment processes such as the Global Assessment of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services,we found that significant progress has been made towards field work and the strategic goals of marine biodiversity conservation.But,we also identified the ongoing main challenges for marine biodiversity conservation,namely:(1)insufficient political will and action by all parties and stakeholders,(2)insufficient identification of global marine protected areas,and low protection effectiveness,(3)insufficient sources of funds,and(4)lack of cooperation for marine biodiversity protection.Recommendations:It is recommended to consider strengthening the formulation of protection policies concerning marine and coastal biodiversity conservation in the future;expansion of marine protected areas and increase in effectiveness of protection;strengthen resource mobilization and capacity building;and lastly,strengthen the cooperation between international organizations with improved multilateral agreements.

关 键 词：生物多样性公约 昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架 海洋生物多样性保护 海洋保护区域 《生物多样性公约》缔约方大会第十五次会议 

分 类 号：D996.9[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学] Q16[政治法律—经济法学]