《生物多样性公约》资金问题最新进展及展望  

The progress and prospect of the financial arrangements under the Convention on Biological Diversity

作　　者：李亦欣 李圆圆 张杨心怡 刘文慧[2] Yixin Li;Yuanyuan Li;Yangxinyi Zhang;Wenhui Liu(Foreign Environmental Cooperation Center,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Beijing 100035;Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012)

机构地区：[1]生态环境部对外合作与交流中心,北京100035 [2]中国环境科学研究院,北京100012

出　　处：《生物多样性》2023年第4期21-26,共6页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：全球环境基金——改善中国自然保护区可持续性项目和《生物多样性公约》履约项目。

摘　　要：资金问题对于《生物多样性公约》履约和新达成的《昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架》(简称《昆蒙框架》)的实施都至关重要,在《生物多样性公约》第十五次缔约方大会(COP15)通过的一揽子成果文件中,与资金问题有关的主要是《昆蒙框架》及关于《资源调动》的决定。《昆蒙框架》提出了逐步缩小每年7,000亿美元的生物多样性资金缺口、到2030年每年至少筹集2,000亿美元的资源量等明确的数量目标。关于《资源调动》的决定包含了历史性地设立全球生物多样性框架基金、通过新的资源调动战略、成立资源调动咨询委员会等重要制度安排。这些目标相关承诺和制度安排如何尽快落地是重中之重。本文系统梳理了COP15资金问题相关决定,综合分析了当前关于生物多样性资金问题的系列重要报告,概述了全球履约资金的现状和问题,分析了国际履约的最新资金要求,展望了未来履约的资金安排,并对中国如何加强履约资金的调动提出了应继续争取用好多双边国际赠款、提供持续稳定的财政资金支持、拓宽生态产品价值实现机制、建立遗传资源获取与惠益分享制度以及建立和完善生物多样性补偿和损害赔偿制度等建议。Background&Aim:Matters relating to finance are critical to the implementation both for the Convention on Biological Diversity(CBD)and the newly adopted“Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework”(GBF).Within the package of decisions adopted at the 15th Conference of the Parties(COP15)of the CBD,the Kunming-Montreal GBF and the decision on Resource Mobilization are those related to finance.The Kunming-Montreal GBF sets up clear quantitative financial goals“closing the biodiversity finance gap of$700 billion per year”and“mobilizing at least$200 billion per year by 2030 from all sources”.The decision on Resource Mobilization contains important institutional arrangements,namely the historic establishment of the Kunming-Montreal GBF Fund,the adoption of the new strategy for resource mobilization and the establishment of an advisory committee on resource mobilization,etc.Review Results:How quickly these goal-related commitments and institutional arrangements can be achieved is of paramount importance.This article,based on a systematic review of the finance-related decisions at COP15 and a comprehensive analysis of the key reports on biodiversity finance,provides an overview of the current status of biodiversity finance and an analysis of the new financial needs for the implementation of the CBD and the Kunming-Montreal GBF,with a view towards future arrangements.Recommendations:This article suggests that China should continue to strive for bilateral/multilateral grants,provide continuous and stable financial support for biodiversity,broaden the mechanism for realizing the value of ecological products,establish the mechanisms for access to and benefit sharing for genetic resources and DSI(Digital Sequence Information),and improve the system of compensation and damage compensation for biodiversity,so as to facilitate the implementation of the Kunming-Montreal GBF.

关 键 词：生物多样性 昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架 全球生物多样性框架基金 资源调动 资金机制 

分 类 号：D996.9[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学] Q16[政治法律—经济法学]