海南受威胁苔藓植物适生热点区域识别与保护  

Identification and protection of suitable habitat hotspots for threatened bryophytes in Hainan

作　　者：邓昶 郝杰威 高德 任明迅[1,2] 张莉娜[1,2] Chang Deng;Jiewei Hao;De Gao;Mingxun Ren;Lina Zhang(Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province,School of Ecology and Environment,Hainan University,Haikou 570228;Center for Eco-Environment Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province,School of Ecology and Environment,Hainan University,Haikou 570228;College of Geographical Sciences,Hebei Normal University,Shijiazhuang 050024)

机构地区：[1]海南大学生态与环境学院,海南省农林环境过程与生态调控重点实验室,海口570228 [2]海南大学生态与环境学院,海南省热带生态环境修复工程研究中心,海口570228 [3]河北师范大学地理科学学院,石家庄050024

出　　处：《生物多样性》2023年第4期58-71,共14页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31760054,32160315);海南省林业局海南热带雨林国家公园综合科考(植物部分)专项(HD-KYH-2020008);海南大学科研启动经费项目(KYQD(ZR)-22105)。

摘　　要：海南拥有丰富的热带苔藓植物,已知受威胁苔藓植物多达29种,但长期以来这些苔藓植物没有得到足够的关注和重视,保护工作尚待推进。本研究利用最大熵(MaxEnt)模型模拟了其中27种海南受威胁苔藓植物的适生区,并识别和划分了适生热点区域,旨在提出海南受威胁苔藓植物保护优先区域和筛选重要区域,为开展苔藓植物保护提供科学依据。结果表明:不同苔藓植物的适生区面积和分布格局差异较大;根据适生受威胁苔藓植物物种丰富度(species richness,SR)占丰富度峰值的比例区间(40%<SR≤60%、60%<SR≤80%及SR>80%),将适生热点区域划分为相对应的3级:(1)一般热点区域,受威胁苔藓植物物种丰富度为11–15,面积最大,约2,527.2 km^(2);(2)显著热点区域,丰富度为16–20,面积约2,503.2 km^(2);(3)极热点区域,丰富度为21–25,面积最小,约259.8 km^(2)。各级热点区域主要分布在海南热带雨林国家公园范围内,其中极热点区域集中在海拔约1,100 m(–1,300 m)以上的热带云雾林,均属于该国家公园的核心区。各环境变量中,昼夜温差月均值对11种苔藓植物的贡献率最大(46.2%–91.3%),年温度变化范围对8种苔藓植物的贡献率最大(31.9%–82.2%),二者对海南受威胁苔藓植物的分布影响较大。针对海南受威胁苔藓植物的保护提出相关建议:(1)通过本底调查掌握受威胁苔藓植物的分布信息和动态变化;(2)对部分物种的受威胁等级进行调整,将受威胁苔藓植物列入海南野生植物保护名录;(3)将云雾林区域划为海南热带雨林国家公园的重要区域加以重点保护;(4)加强对适生热点区域森林维管植物的监护;(5)将国家公园范围外的热点区域设为生态恢复区,加强对各热点区域次生林、人工林生态及苔藓植物群落恢复的科学研究。Aims:Hainan is rich in tropical bryophytes,of which as many as 29 species are known to be threatened.But due to the lack of attention and priority for the past time,conservation efforts need to be advanced.The study was to propose the conservation priority areas and highlight key areas for threatened bryophytes in Hainan,providing a scientific basis for bryophyte protection.Method:In the present study,the maximum entropy(MaxEnt)model was used to simulate the suitable habitats of 27 threatened bryophytes in Hainan,and suitable habitats were identified and classified.Results:The suitable areas and distribution patterns of selected bryophytes varied greatly.According to the proportion of suitable threatened bryophyte species richness(SR)to peak richness(40%<SR≤60%,60%<SR≤80%and SR>80%),the suitable habitat hotspots were divided into three levels:(1)The“relative”hotspot area,the richness of threatened bryophytes ranged from 11 to 15,was the largest,approximately 2,527.2 km^(2).(2)The“significant”hotspot area,whose richness ranged from 16 to 20,was ca.2,503.2 km^(2).(3)The“extreme”hotspot area was the smallest,about 259.8 km^(2),with species richness ranging from 21 to 25.Hotspots at all levels were mainly distributed in National Park of Hainan Tropical Rainforest,especially the“extreme”hotspots,which were typically distributed in the tropical cloud forests with an altitude of about 1,100 m(–1,300 m)above sea level,belonging to the core areas of National Park of Hainan Tropical Rainforest.Among the environmental variables tested,the mean diurnal range(Bio2)contributed the most to 11 bryophytes(46.2%–91.3%),and the temperature annual range(Bio7)contributed the most to 8 bryophytes(31.9%–82.2%),which significantly affected the distribution of threatened bryophytes in Hainan.Suggestions:Suggestions for the protection of threatened bryophytes in Hainan are as follows:(1)Background surveys of bryophytes in Hainan are required to obtain distribution information and dynamic changes of threatened bry

关 键 词：受威胁苔藓植物 适生区 最大熵模型 环境变量 热带云雾林 国家公园 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]