论虚假婚姻的法律效力  

The Effectiveness of Conspiracy Marriage

作　　者：罗师 Luo Shi

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院

出　　处：《荆楚法学》2023年第2期61-75,共15页Jingchu Law Review

基　　金：2019年国家社会科学基金项目“民法典中动产与权利担保体系研究”(项目编号:19BFX118)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：《民法典》婚姻家庭编并未明确虚假婚姻的法律效力,对此学界和司法实务界存在虚假婚姻为无效、可撤销和有效的观点分歧。《民法典》婚姻效力制度的价值取向决定了婚姻效力制度不能简单对标法律行为效力制度,而婚姻无效制度的封闭体系亦排除了使虚假婚姻适用总则编第146条关于通谋虚伪表示法律行为无效规定的可能,故不应将虚假婚姻作为无效婚姻处理。尽管《民法典》对婚姻可撤销采取了更为开放的立场,允许特定情况下适用总则编的一般规定,但使虚假婚姻可撤销既不符合虚假婚姻的实际情况,也不符合社会公共利益的需要,而且对立法和司法而言都非“合乎效率”的做法,因此也不应将虚假婚姻作为可撤销婚姻处理。实际上,由于《民法典》婚姻家庭编中的“结婚”指办理结婚登记,而对“合意”的考察应区分于不影响婚姻效力的“动机”,故虚假婚姻中的“结婚合意”实为真实,其当属有效婚姻。《民法典》婚姻家庭编未规定虚假婚姻的做法是符合司法实践和社会生活的客观需要的。The marriage and family part of the Civil Code does not specify the legal validity of conspiracy marriage.The value orientation of the marriage effective system dictates it unable to benchmark the effective system of civil juridical act,and the possibility of applying the provisions of Article 146 on conspiracy marriage.Although the civil code takes a more open position on the revocable marriage,however,making conspiracy marriage revocable is neither in line with the actual situation of false marriage nor in line with the needs of social and public interests,and it also overburdens the legislature and the judiciary.That causes controversies among academic circles and judicial practice.Since"marry"in the marriage and family part of the Civil Code simply means"register for marriage",while the motivation does not affect the effectiveness of marriage,so there is no false expression of intention in conspiracy marriage.By"ignoring"the conspiracy marriage,the marriage and family part of the Civil Code is actually identified it as legitimate marriage,and requests both parties in the marriage to enter the bonds of matrimony and take responsibilities.

关 键 词：虚假婚姻 婚姻效力制度 结婚合意 婚姻无效 婚姻可撤销 

分 类 号：D923.9[政治法律—民商法学]