小尺寸声矢量平面阵三维波束形成方法  

Three-dimensional beamforming for small aperture planar acoustic vector sensor array

作　　者：李良文 朴胜春 郭俊媛[1,2,3] 叶扬 LI Liangwen;PIAO Shengchun;GUO Junyuan;YE Yang(National Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Technology,Harbin Engineering University Harbin,150001;Key Laboratory of Marine Information Acquisition and Security(Harbin Engineering University),Ministry of Industry and Information Technology,Harbin,150001;College of Underwater Acoustic Engineering,Harbin Engineering University,Harbin,150001)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工程大学水声技术全国重点实验室,哈尔滨150001 [2]工业和信息化部海洋信息获取与安全工信部重点实验室(哈尔滨工程大学),哈尔滨150001 [3]哈尔滨工程大学水声工程学院,哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《声学学报》2023年第3期471-481,共11页Acta Acustica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(11904065)资助。

摘　　要：提出了一种基于声场多极子展开的小尺寸声矢量平面阵三维波束形成方法。该方法利用了声场的垂直振速信息,并结合球谐波函数与多极子模态之间的联系,可用二维的阵列结构合成指向任意方向的三维波束图,简化了三维波束形成所需的阵列结构。以3×3均匀矩形阵为例的仿真结果表明,在相邻阵元间距小于0.2倍信号波长时,所提方法引入的差分近似误差可被忽略,所得阵列波束图接近理论波束图。相比于声压球面阵三维波束形成方法,所提方法在低频段能在获得相同阵增益的同时有着更好的稳健性,为实现小尺寸阵列的三维波束形成提供了一种可靠的方法。A method of three-dimensional beamforming,based on the multipole expansions of the sound field,is proposed in this paper and applied to the small aperture acoustic vector planar array.The desired three-dimensional beam pattern can be synthesized with a two-dimensional array structure by combining the vertical particle velocity component of the sound field and the relationship between the spherical harmonics and the multipole modes.Therefore,the required array structure can be simplified for a three-dimensional beamforming.For illustration,a 3×3 rectangular vector sensor array was considered.Simulation results indicate that the error introduced by the approximations for multipole modes extraction can be ignored and the obtained beam pattern approximates the theoretical beam pattern when the spacing of adjacent vector sensors is less than one-fifth of the signal wavelength.Compared to the three-dimensional beamforming based on the spherical harmonic decomposition of the sound field,the proposed method achieves comparable array gain with better robustness in the low frequency band.Therefore,a reliable approach for low-frequency three-dimensional target detection is provided.

关 键 词：小尺寸平面阵 三维波束形成 矢量传感器 多极子展开 

分 类 号：P733.2[天文地球—物理海洋学]