典型城市道路交通加密监测点大气污染特征及影响因素  

Research on air pollution characteristics and influencing factors of typical urban road traffic densified monitoring stations

作　　者：张永林 吴睿[1,2] 杨孝文 杨道源 李悦[1,2] 王人洁[1,2] 徐洪磊[1,2] ZHANG Yonglin;WU Rui;YANG Xiaowen;YANG Daoyuan;LI Yue;WANG Renjie;XU Honglei(Transport Planning and Research Institute,Ministry of Transport;Laboratory of Transport Pollution Control and Monitoring Technology,Transport Planning and Research Institute,Ministry of Transport)

机构地区：[1]交通运输部规划研究院 [2]交通运输部规划研究院交通排放控制监测技术实验室

出　　处：《环境工程技术学报》2023年第3期929-939,共11页Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology

基　　金：2022年北京市东城区科技计划项目(2022-1-010);国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3703600)。

摘　　要：基于“十四五”生态环境监测要求,针对目前国内城市道路交通加密监测点大气污染特征及影响因素相对缺乏这一问题,以移动源为主要大气污染来源的甘肃省兰州市为例,在典型道路两侧不同点位、不同高度监测6种常规大气污染物浓度及气象参数,同时获取道路车流量和车型信息,探究其大气污染特征及影响因素。结果表明:道路两侧及道路同侧不同高度处大气污染物监测浓度均存在差异。PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)浓度随高度升高而逐渐降低,在2 m高度处最高,SO_(2)、NO_(2)、CO、O_(3)浓度均呈现随高度先升高再降低的趋势,在4 m高度处最高。SO_(2)、NO_(2)、PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、CO小时浓度在05:00—09:00达到峰值,在15:00—17:00达到谷值;而O_(3)小时浓度峰谷值的时间恰好相反。NO_(2)、CO浓度受车流量影响较大,代表时段NO_(2)浓度与重型货车流量表现出极强的相关性,CO浓度与小型客车流量表现出强相关性。监测时段6种污染物日均浓度与相对湿度均呈负相关;NO_(2)、PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、CO日均浓度与风速均呈负相关,O_(3)日均浓度与风速呈正相关。Based on the requirements of the 14th Five-Year Plan(2021-2025)of ecological environment monitoring,aiming at the lack of study about air pollution characteristics and influencing factors of typical urban road traffic densified monitoring stations in China,the concentrations of six conventional air pollutants and meteorological parameters were monitored at different points and heights on both sides of typical roads in Lanzhou City,Gansu Province,where mobile sources were the main source of air pollution.Meanwhile,road traffic flow and vehicle type information were acquired to explore the characteristics and influencing factors of air pollution.The results showed that there existed differences in the concentrations of air pollutants on both sides of the road and at different locations on the same side of the road.The concentrations of PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) declined with the height of the monitoring sites increasing,peaking at 2-meter height,whereas SO_(2),NO_(2),CO,and O_(3) showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with height,reaching their highest concentrations at 4-meter height.Hourly concentrations of SO_(2),NO_(2),PM_(2.5),PM_(10) and CO peaked at 05:00 to 09:00 and troughed at 15:00 to 17:00;while O_(3) peaked and troughed at exactly the opposite time.The concentrations of NO_(2) and CO were greatly affected by the traffic flow.Furthermore,NO_(2) concentrations had a very strong correlation with the volume of heavy-duty trucks and CO concentrations had a strong correlation with the volume of light-duty passenger vehicles during the representative time period.During the monitoring period the daily average concentrations of the six pollutants were negatively correlated with relative humidity;the daily average concentrations of NO_(2),PM_(2.5),PM_(10) and CO were negatively correlated with wind speed,while O_(3) was positively correlated with wind speed.

关 键 词：道路交通 加密监测点 大气污染特征 车流量 气象要素 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]