基于Pyrosim和Pathfinder的高校实验楼火灾疏散安全性分析与优化  

Safety Analysis and Optimization of Fire Evacuation in College Experimental Buildings Based on Pyrosim and Pathfinder

作　　者：雷鸣[1] 杨民 高复阳 王丹丹[3] 张继承[1] 秦子豪 张维[1] LEI Ming;YANG Min;GAO Fuyang;WANG Dandan;ZHANG Jicheng;QIN Zihao;ZHANG Wei(Faculty of Urban Construction,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434023,China;Faculty of Resources,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan 430074,CAma;Faculty of Economics and Management,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434023,Chinas;PowerChina Sichuan Electric Power Engineering Co.Ltd.,Chengdu 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]长江大学城市建设学院,湖北荆州434023 [2]中国地质大学(武汉)资源学院,湖北武汉430074 [3]长江大学经济与管理学院,湖北荆州434023 [4]四川电力设计咨询有限责任公司,四川成都610041

出　　处：《安全与环境工程》2023年第3期36-44,共9页Safety and Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51778065);湖北省自然科学基金青年项目(2019CFB224);湖北省教育厅省级教研项目(2018284)。

摘　　要：高校实验楼人员密集,电气设备较多,火灾风险性较高。为分析并优化高校实验楼火灾疏散安全性,以某高校实验楼为研究背景,建立建筑信息模型(BIM),导入Pyrosim与Pathfinder软件,建立火灾仿真模型与人员疏散仿真模型,分析火灾场景下烟气温度、CO浓度、能见度对人员疏散的影响,通过对比人员可用安全疏散时间与所需安全疏散时间,计算安全裕度,用于判断火灾疏散安全性是否合格,并根据火灾烟气变化与疏散人员拥堵数据,制定高校实验楼防火设计优化方案,对比防火设计优化前后火灾疏散仿真模拟结果。结果表明:实验楼第2层B楼梯口的安全裕度为25.7 s,存在安全风险,防火设计优化后该处的安全裕度提高至76.7 s,脱离了安全风险,且实验楼第1层、第3层、第4层、第5层的安全裕度比防火设计优化前分别提高了57.5、69.0、122.3、45.5 s,实验楼各楼层重点危险区域火灾疏散安全性均得到提升。该研究结果可为我国高校实验楼防火设计优化提供理论依据与参考。College experimental buildings which are crowded have more electrical equipment and high fire risk.In order to analyze and optimize the fire evacuation safety of college experimental buildings,a building information model(BIM)was established for a college experimental building,and Pyrosim and Pathfinder software were imported to establish fire simulation model and evacuation simulation model.The influence of smoke temperature,CO concentration and visibility on personnel evacuation in the fire scene was analyzed.Then this paper compares the available safety evacuation time and the required safety evacuation time,calculates the safety margin,and judges whether the fire evacuation safety is qualified.Based on the data of smoke change and evacuation congestion,the fire protection design optimization scheme of college experimental buildings is formulated,and the simulation results of fire evacuation before and after fire protection design optimization are compared.The results show that the safety margin of staircase B on the second floor o£the experimental building is 25.7 s,where there is a safety risk After fire protection design optimization,the safety margin is increased to 76.7 s,and it is separated from the safety risk.The safety margins of staircase B on the first floor,the third floor,the fourth floor and the fifth floor of the experimental building are increased by 57.5 s,69.0 s,122.3 s and 45.5 s,respectively,compared with those before fire protection design optimization.The safety of fire evacuation key dangerous areas of each floor of the experimental building is improved.The research results may provide theoretical basis and reference for fire prevention design and optimization in college experimental buildings.

关 键 词：高校实验楼 火灾疏散安全性分析 建筑信息模型(BIM) Pyrosim PATHFINDER 防火设计优化 

分 类 号：X928.7[环境科学与工程—安全科学]