树体调控对不同树形核桃生长发育的影响  

Effect of Tree Regulation on the Growth and Development of Walnuts of Different Tree Shapes

作　　者：刘金利[1] 崔丽贤[1] 刘警 于秋香[1] LIU Jin-li;CUI Li-xian;LIU Jing;YU Qiu-xiang(Changli Institute of Pomology,Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Changli 066600,PRC)

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所,河北昌黎066600

出　　处：《Agricultural Science & Technology》2023年第1期6-14,共9页农业科学与技术（英文版）

基　　金：河北省农林科学院创新工程项目(2022KJCXZX-CGS-9)。

摘　　要：为明确不同树形核桃最适树体调控模式,通过拉枝、短截、刻芽等调控措施,研究其对不同树形核桃生长发育及产量的影响。结果表明:拉枝能控制过旺营养生长并改变枝条类型组成;中、短果枝数量以自然开心形最多,疏散分层形最少;纺锤形的新梢最长,自然开心形最短;不同树形间的新梢粗度差别不大。短截越重,新梢生长越快,但短截后树冠变小;短截越轻抽生的枝条越多,Y形轻短截后萌发数量最多。1a生枝条刻芽后以自然开心形萌芽率最高,疏散分层形最低;2a生枝条刻芽后以自然圆头形、自然开心形萌芽率最高,Y形最低;多年生枝条刻芽后萌芽率差异很小;随着枝条生长年份的增加,刻芽后萌芽率逐渐减低。To identify the most appropriate tree regulation mode for walnuts of different tree shapes,the effect of different regulation modes on the growth and yield of walnuts was studied,including branch-bending,short cutting,bud-notching and other regulation methods.The results revealed that branch-bending could help to control the excessive vegetative growth of walnuts and change the composition of branch types;walnuts of natural open center shape had the highest number of short and medium fruiting branches,while those of delayed-open central leader system had the lowest number;walnuts of spindle shape presented the longest new shoots,while those of natural open center shape displayed the shortest new shoots.The difference in the diameter of new shoots between different tree shapes was not significant.For the short cutting method,heavier short cutting led to faster growth of new shoots and smaller crown,while lighter short cutting led to higher number of germinated shoots.In this experiment,walnuts of Y shape after light short cutting had the highest germination number.For 1-year-old branches after bud-notching,walnuts of natural open center shape had the highest germination rate while those of delayed-open central leader system had the lowest germination rate.For 2-year-old branches after bud-notching,walnuts of natural round head shape and natural open center shape had the highest germination rate while those of Y shape had the lowest germination rate.There was little difference in the germination rate of perennial branches after budnotching,and as the growing years of branches went by,the germination rate after bud-notching gradually decreased.

关 键 词：核桃 树体结构 拉枝 刻芽 短截 

分 类 号：S664.1[农业科学—果树学]