珠海附近海岛建筑群的抗风等级分析  

The wind resistance grade of constructions on an island near Zhuhai

作　　者：王静 孙弦 夏冬 吴志棚 孙丽烨 李智丽 WANG Jing;SUN Xian;XIA Dong;WU Zhipeng;SUN Liye;LI Zhili(Zhuhai Public Meteorological Service Center,Zhuhai 519000,China)

机构地区：[1]珠海市公共气象服务中心,广东珠海519000

出　　处：《中山大学学报（自然科学版）（中英文）》2023年第3期25-34,共10页Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni

基　　金：广东省气象局科技项目(GRMC2020M26)。

摘　　要：随着全球变暖,极端大风事件越发频繁,特别是短时极大风对建筑物带来很大损失。本文利用极值模型和CFD数值模拟来研究珠海附近海岛上的建筑群16方位抗风等级,为建筑设计和防灾减灾提供科学依据。由于研究区附近的自动气象站年限较短,因此先利用模拟结果更具安全性的Gumbel分布拟合珠海站16方位重现期最大风速,再利用阵风系数及自动气象站资料,订正到研究区,得出50 a和100 a一遇的年极大风速分别为76.1和83.5 m/s,最大的3个风向分别是东南偏东(ESE)、东(E)和东北偏东(ENE)。最后将16个方向的大风作为初始场进行CFD数值模拟,发现建筑排列、建筑形状、高低等都会对风速产生影响,并得出具体的建筑表面抗风等级,D4区的抗风等级最高,基本都要超过17级;D2区所需抗风等级最低,多为14~15级。With global warming,extreme winds,particularly short-term extreme winds are becoming more frequent and cause great damage to constructions.In this paper,an extremum model and a CFD method are used to study the wind resistance grades in different directions of constructions on the island near Zhuhai,to provide fundamental information for architectural design and reduce disasters.Because of the limitation of automatic observations,the Gumbel distribution is used to fit the extreme winds in 16 directions of the Zhuhai Station;then the gust coefficients and relevant data from nearby automatic stations are used to calibrate the data in the study area.It is resolved that the annual extreme wind speed of once in 50 years and once in 100 years is 76.1 m/s and 83.5 m/s,respectively;the directions with the maximum winds are East-Southeast(ESE),East(E),and East-Northeast(ENE).Furthermore,we simulated the effects of extreme winds from 16 different directions using CFD,it is found that the layout,shape,and height of constructions all affect the wind speed.The required wind resistance grades of constructions on the island are determined:the D4 area needs the highest wind resistance grade which is over the Beaufort wind force scale of 17;the D2 area requires the lowest wind resistance grade,which is about the Beaufort scale of 14 to 15.

关 键 词：海岛建筑群 16方位极大风 重现期 抗风等级 

分 类 号：P49[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]