不同滴灌模式对玉米生理特性的影响  

Effects of different drip irrigation patterns on physiological characteristics of maize

作　　者：徐晨[1] 李前[1] 于江[1] 赵洪祥[1] 闫伟平[1] 孙宁[1] 张治安[2] 张丽华[1] 边少锋[1] XU Chen;LI Qian;YU Jiang;ZHAO Hongxiang;YAN Weiping;SUN Ning;ZHANG Zhi’an;ZHANG Lihua;BIAN Shaofeng(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment Research,Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Changchun 130033,China;College of Agronomy,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,吉林长春130033 [2]吉林农业大学农学院,吉林长春130118

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2023年第3期438-446,共9页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：吉林省农业科技创新工程项目(CXGC2021RCB002);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-02-50);吉林省科技发展计划项目(20210203009SF);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0300605,2018YFD0300205)。

摘　　要：[目的]本研究旨在探寻玉米对不同滴灌模式的生理响应机制,寻求滴灌方式与滴灌定额之间的优化方案,为半干旱区玉米节水高效生产提供理论依据。[方法]利用可移动式防雨棚进行2年的小区试验,以玉米品种‘富民985’为试验材料,设置地上滴灌与浅埋滴灌2种滴灌方式,玉米全生育期300、400和500 mm 3个滴灌定额,即地上滴灌-300 mm(T1)、地上滴灌-400 mm(T2)、地上滴灌-500 mm(T3)、浅埋滴灌-300 mm(T4)、浅埋滴灌-400 mm(T5)和浅埋滴灌-500 mm(T6)6个处理,研究不同滴灌模式对玉米光合特性、叶绿素荧光特性、叶片氮代谢酶活性及根系伤流强度的影响。[结果]与T1、T2和T4处理相比,T3、T5和T6处理玉米大喇叭口期(V12)、吐丝期(R1)和灌浆期(R3)叶片的净光合速率(P_(n))、气孔导度(G_(s))、胞间二氧化碳浓度(C_(i))、蒸腾速率(T_(r))、水分利用效率(WUE)、表观叶肉导度(AMC)、光系统Ⅱ最大光合效率(F_(v)/F_(m))、光系统Ⅱ实际光合效率(Φ_(PSⅡ))、电子传递效率(ETR)、光化学淬灭系数(qP)增加,气孔限制百分率(L s)和非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)下降。不同滴灌模式条件下,T3、T5和T6处理玉米叶片的谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性、根系伤流强度均呈增加趋势,且显著高于T1、T2和T4处理,但谷氨酸脱氢酶(GDH)活性呈下降趋势。[结论]采用浅埋滴灌-全生育期400 mm滴灌定额(T5处理)的滴灌模式的玉米在根系伤流强度、叶片氮代谢酶活性、光合特性、叶绿素荧光特性等方面均表现较佳,获得了节水与高产的双重目的。[Objectives]This study aimed to explore the physiological response mechanism of maize to different drip irrigation patterns,and seek the optimization scheme between drip irrigation method and drip irrigation quota,so as to provide a theoretical basis for water-saving and efficient production of maize in semi-arid areas.[Methods]The movable rainproof shed was used to carry out a two-year plot experiment.Taking maize variety‘Fumin 985’as the experimental material,two drip irrigation methods of aboveground drip irrigation and shallow buried drip irrigation were set,and three drip irrigation quotas of 300,400 and 500 mm were set in the whole growth period of maize.There were 6 treatments:aboveground drip irrigation-300 mm(T1),aboveground drip irrigation-400 mm(T2),aboveground drip irrigation-500 mm(T3),shallow buried drip irrigation-300 mm(T4),shallow buried drip irrigation-400 mm(T5)and shallow buried drip irrigation-500 mm(T6).The effects of different drip irrigation patterns on photosynthetic characteristics,chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics,leaf nitrogen metabolism enzyme activity and root bleeding sap mass of maize were studied.[Results]Compared with T1,T2 and T4 treatments,the net photosynthetic rate(P_(n)),stomatal conductance(G_(s)),intercellular carbon dioxide concentration(C_(i)),transpiration rate(T_(r)),water use efficiency(WUE),apparent mesophyll conductance(AMC),maximum photosynthetic efficiency of photosystemⅡ(F_(v)/F_(m)),actual photosynthetic efficiency of photosystemⅡ(Φ_(PSⅡ)),electron transfer efficiency(ETR),photochemical quenching coefficient(qP)increased and stomatal limiting percentage(L s)and non-photochemical quenching coefficient(NPQ)of T3,T5 and T6 treatments in maize leaves at V12,R1 and R3 stages decreased.The glutamine synthetase(GS)activity and root bleeding sap mass of T3,T5 and T6 treatments showed an increasing trend,and were significantly higher than those of T1,T2 and T4 treatments under different drip irrigation patterns,while the glutamate dehydrogenase(GDH)acti

关 键 词：玉米 滴灌 光合作用 氮代谢酶 伤流强度 

分 类 号：S311[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] S513[农业科学—农艺学]