基于全基因组重测序对7个牦牛类群的群体结构分析  

Population Structure Analysis of 7 Yak Populations Based on Whole Genome Resequencing

作　　者：王佟 马晓明 李婧 潘和平[3] 仁青吉 梁春年[1,2,3] 阎萍 WANG Tong;MA Xiaoming;LI Jing;PAN Heping;REN Qingji;LIANG Chunnian;YAN Ping(Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Gansu Province Yak Breeding Engineering Key Laboratory,Lanzhou730030,China;Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Genetics and Breeding in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,Ministry of Agriculture,Lanzhou730030,China;College of Life Science and Engineering,Northwest Minzu University,Lanzhou 730050,China;Zogai Manma Town Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station,Hezuo747000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院兰州畜牧与兽药研究所,甘肃省牦牛繁育工程重点实验室,兰州730050 [2]农业农村部青藏高原畜禽遗传育种重点实验室,兰州730050 [3]西北民族大学生命科学与工程学院,兰州730030 [4]佐盖曼玛镇畜牧兽医站,合作747000

出　　处：《中国草食动物科学》2023年第3期9-13,26,共6页China Herbivore Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(32102524);甘肃省青年科技基金计划(21JR7RA032);合作牦牛种质提升与提质增效项目;甘肃省科技计划(20JR5RA580);甘肃省科技重大专项(21ZD10NA001,GZGG-2021-1);现代农业(肉牛牦牛)产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-37)。

摘　　要：为了探究美仁牦牛遗传资源的进化历史和群体结构,以分布于甘肃省甘南藏族自治州合作市的美仁牦牛及周边分布的7个牦牛群体为研究对象,基于全基因组重测序技术,结合主成分分析、系统进化树、杂合度分析、群体连锁不平衡分析和群体分化指数等研究其群体进化情况。结果表明,7个牦牛群体间均表现为较高的分化程度;美仁牦牛单独聚为一类,甘南牦牛、雪多牦牛和帕米尔牦牛聚为一类,天祝牦牛、木里牦牛及九龙牦牛聚为一类;7个牦牛群体的期望杂合度均在0.354左右,观测杂合度均低于期望杂合度;美仁牦牛连锁不平衡程度较低,甘南牦牛连锁不平衡程度较高;7个牦牛群体的Fst值均高于0.04。综上说明,这7个牦牛群体间没有过多的基因交流;美仁牦牛在长期的进化过程中形成了一套独特的遗传机制,演变为一个单独的类群。In order to explore the evolutionary history and population structure of Meiren yak genetic resources,this study took Meiren yaks distributed in Hezuo city,Gannan Tibetan Autonomous prefecture,Gansu province and seven yak populations in the surrounding area as the research object,based on whole genome resequencing technology,combined with principal component analyze and construct phylogenetic tree,heterozygosity analysis,population linkage disequilibrium analysis and population differentiation index to study the population evolution.Principal component analysis showed that the 7 yak populations showed a high degree of differentiation,and the phylogenetic tree results showed that Meiren yaks clustered into one group alone;Gannan yaks,Xueduo yaks and Pamir yaks clustered into one group;Tianzhu yaks,Muli yak and Jiulong yak were grouped together.The expected heterozygosity of the seven yak populations was all around 0.354,and the observed heterozygosity was lower than the expected heterozygosity.The linkage disequilibrium analysis showed that the linkage disequilibrium degree of Meiren yak was relatively low,and that of Gannan yak was relatively high.The analysis of population differentiation index showed that the Fst values of the seven yak populations were all higher than 0.04.In conclusion,there was no excessive genetic exchange between these 7 yak populations,and the Meiren yak population formed a unique genetic mechanism,and evolved a separate taxon.

关 键 词：美仁牦牛 全基因组重测序 遗传资源 群体结构 

分 类 号：S823.2[农业科学—畜牧学]