海南热带雨林国家公园海南壁虎的种群和繁殖生态研究  

Population and Reproductive Ecology of Gekko similignum in the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park

作　　者：商乃演 林之雪 谭淯婷 邹志强 肖繁荣[1] SHANG Naiyan;LIN Zhixue;TAN Yuting;ZOU Zhiqiang;XIAO Fanrong(Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands,Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province,College of Life Sciences,Hainan Normal University,Haikou 571158,China)

机构地区：[1]海南师范大学生命科学学院,热带岛屿生态学教育部重点实验室,海南省热带动植物生态学重点实验室,海口571158

出　　处：《四川动物》2023年第3期258-264,共7页Sichuan Journal of Zoology

基　　金：海南省高等学校教育教学改革研究项目(Hnjg2021-45);海南师范大学生命科学学院生态学野外实习项目。

摘　　要：海南壁虎Gekko similignum为海南特有种,具有独特的遗传和保护价值。为了解海南壁虎的种群现状和繁殖生态,采用样线法于2021年7月—2022年8月在海南热带雨林国家公园吊罗山片区上山公路3 km长的路段(海拔790~917 m)对其开展调查。结果表明,海南壁虎种群密度高(月均29只/km)、雌雄比例平衡、成幼数量相当,旱季种群数量显著高于雨季。雌性产卵巢址主要选择在公路一侧铁质护栏的接缝和反光灯处,每月均能产卵,高峰期在4—9月,窝卵数多为2枚(80.29%),少数为1枚。卵为刚性卵,呈椭圆形,卵长径和短径均与卵重呈正相关。卵在野外的受精率为83.93%,受精卵在室内的孵化率为65.22%,孵化期为69.5 d。本研究首次发现海南壁虎全年均能繁殖。研究结果为了解海南壁虎的种群现状和生活史提供了数据支撑,也为评估海南特有种的濒危状况、制定保护策略和开展科普教育提供了科学依据。Hainan gecko Gekko similignum is the only gecko species endemic to Hainan Island,China.Despite their unique genetic and conservation value,basic ecological data on this species is lacking.To understand the population status and breeding ecology of this species,a field survey was conducted in the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park from July 2021 to August 2022.The line transect method was used along a 3 km section of an upper mountain road in the Diaoluo Mountain area(790‒917 m asl).The results showed a high population density(monthly average of 29 individuals per km),balanced male-to-female ratio(1∶1.02),adult-to-juvenile ratio(1.07∶1),and a peak in population size during dry season.The nesting sites were primarily located on the roadside,on the joints and backlights of iron parapets.The geckos laid eggs monthly,peaking in April to September,with a typical clutch size of two eggs(80.29%),and few singleegg clutches.The eggs were rigid and oval,and the length and diameter were positively correlated with weight.The fertilization rate of eggs in the field was 83.93%,and the hatching rate of fertilized eggs indoors was 65.22%,with an average incubation period of 69.5 days.These results reveal that G.similignum can reproduce throughout the year,and have strong fecundity and a large,structurally stable population.This study will improve our understanding of the life history and ecology of G.similignum,and provide a strong scientific basis for assessing the conservation status of Hainan-endemic species,developing effective conservation strategies for the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park,and collecting educational material for popular science.

关 键 词：海南壁虎 种群密度 种群数量 性比 窝卵数 繁殖期 

分 类 号：Q959.6[生物学—动物学]